Journal Description
Nutrients
Nutrients
is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal of human nutrition published semimonthly online by MDPI. The Asia Pacific Nutrigenomics Nutrigenetics Organisation (APNNO), Italian Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (SIGENP), Nutrition Society of New Zealand (NSNZ), Ocular Wellness & Nutrition Society (OWNS) and others are affiliated with Nutrients and their members receive a discount on article processing charges.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), PubMed, MEDLINE, PMC, Embase, PubAg, AGRIS, and other databases.
- Journal Rank: JCR - Q1 (Nutrition & Dietetics) / CiteScore - Q1 (Nutrition and Dietetics)
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 14.5 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 2.4 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the second half of 2023).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
- Companion journal: Dietetics
Impact Factor:
5.9 (2022);
5-Year Impact Factor:
6.6 (2022)
Latest Articles
Examining the Direct and Indirect Effects of Postprandial Amino Acid Responses on Markers of Satiety following the Acute Consumption of Lean Beef-Rich Meals in Healthy Women with Overweight
Nutrients 2024, 16(11), 1718; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16111718 (registering DOI) - 31 May 2024
Abstract
The consumption of protein-rich foods stimulates satiety more than other macronutrient-rich foods; however, the underlying mechanisms-of-action are not well-characterized. The objective of this study was to identify the direct and indirect effects of postprandial amino acid (AA) responses on satiety. Seventeen women (mean
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The consumption of protein-rich foods stimulates satiety more than other macronutrient-rich foods; however, the underlying mechanisms-of-action are not well-characterized. The objective of this study was to identify the direct and indirect effects of postprandial amino acid (AA) responses on satiety. Seventeen women (mean ± SEM, age: 33 ± 1 year; BMI: 27.8 ± 0.1 kg/m2) consumed a eucaloric, plant-based diet containing two servings of lean beef/day (i.e., 7.5 oz (207 g)) for 7 days. During day 6, the participants completed a 12 h controlled-feeding, clinical testing day including repeated satiety questionnaires and blood sampling to assess pre- and postprandial plasma AAs, PYY, and GLP-1. Regression and mediation analyses were completed to assess AA predictors and hormonal mediators. Total plasma AAs explained 41.1% of the variance in perceived daily fullness (p < 0.001), 61.0% in PYY (p < 0.001), and 66.1% in GLP-1 (p < 0.001) concentrations, respectively. Several individual AAs significantly predicted fluctuations in daily fullness, PYY, and GLP-1. In completing mediation analyses, the effect of plasma leucine on daily fullness was fully mediated by circulating PYY concentrations (indirect effect = B: 0.09 [Boot 95% CI: 0.032, 0.17]) as no leucine-fullness direct effect was observed. No other mediators were identified. Although a number of circulating AAs predict satiety, leucine was found to do so through changes in PYY concentrations in middle-aged women.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Nutrition and Metabolism)
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Open AccessArticle
Prognostic Value of New Sarcopenia Screening Tool in the Elderly—SARC-GLOBAL
by
Ana Carolina Costa Vicedomini, Dan L. Waitzberg, Natalia Correia Lopes, Natalia Magalhães, Ana Paula A. Prudêncio, Wilson Jacob Filho, Alexandre Leopold Busse, Douglas Ferdinando, Tatiana Pereira Alves, Rosa Maria Rodrigues Pereira and Giliane Belarmino
Nutrients 2024, 16(11), 1717; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16111717 (registering DOI) - 31 May 2024
Abstract
Sarcopenia screening tools have a low capacity to predict adverse outcomes that are consequences of sarcopenia in the elderly population. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of a new sarcopenia screening tool SARC-GLOBAL to predict negative clinical outcomes in the elderly. A
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Sarcopenia screening tools have a low capacity to predict adverse outcomes that are consequences of sarcopenia in the elderly population. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of a new sarcopenia screening tool SARC-GLOBAL to predict negative clinical outcomes in the elderly. A total of 395 individuals were evaluated in a 42-month period. The screening tools SARC-GLOBAL, SARC-F, and SARC-CalF and the diagnosis of sarcopenia according to European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older Persons (EWGSOP2) were performed at the beginning of the study. Logistic and Poisson regression models were applied to assess the predictive value of the tools for the odds and risks of negative clinical outcomes, respectively. The most common negative clinical outcome in the followed population was falls (12.9%), followed by infections (12.4%), hospitalizations (11.8%), fractures (4.3%), and deaths (2.7%). Both SARC-GLOBAL and SARC-F were similar in predicting the odds of falls and hospitalizations during the follow up period, however SARC-CalF only predicted the odds of hospitalizations at 42 months.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Nutrition on Bone Health and Skeletal Development in Older Adults)
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Open AccessArticle
Assessing the Level of Knowledge, Implementation Practices, and Use of Digital Applications for the Optimal Adoption of the Nutrition Care Process in Greece
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Lydia Chrysoula, Emmanouela Magriplis, Michael Chourdakis and Kalliopi Anna Poulia
Nutrients 2024, 16(11), 1716; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16111716 (registering DOI) - 31 May 2024
Abstract
The level of NCP implementation varies across countries due to differences identified in major components of health systems such as infrastructures, legislation, training, and cultural diversities. Dietitians in Greece receive sufficient training in the implementation of the NCP as part of their main
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The level of NCP implementation varies across countries due to differences identified in major components of health systems such as infrastructures, legislation, training, and cultural diversities. Dietitians in Greece receive sufficient training in the implementation of the NCP as part of their main studies; however, the level of awareness and adoption of the NCP model is still quite low, with limited information on the potential barriers. The primary aim of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of the perspectives of Greek dietitians on the NCP and the use of digital tools. An online survey was created and distributed through the platform “SurveyMonkey version 4.1.1”. The overall structure of the questionnaire was modeled according to the validated NCP/NCPT INIS Tool. A total of 279 subjects were included in this study, and 192 were aware of the NCP tool. The most important challenges for the implementation of the NCP included communication with other healthcare professionals (68.2%), provision of appropriate care (33.9%), and insufficient access to continuous education (29.2%). Of the 192 participants who knew the NCP, 81.3% reported using digital applications for the collection and assessment of health data, while 18.8% indicated that they did not utilize such tools. No relationship was found between the use of digital applications by dietitians, NCP knowledge, and demographic characteristics. Our findings highlight the need for targeted educational interventions and appropriate application of standardized protocols by Greek dietitians in daily practice. National Dietetic Associations should provide sufficient guidance on digital tool utilization in facilitating patient data management and enhancing NCP implementation.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Therapies in Clinical Practice, Management and Care)
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Open AccessReview
Nutraceuticals for Diabetic Retinopathy: Recent Advances and Novel Delivery Systems
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Xiaoyuan Ye, Nicholas Siu Kay Fung, Wai Ching Lam and Amy Cheuk Yin Lo
Nutrients 2024, 16(11), 1715; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16111715 - 30 May 2024
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major vision-threatening disease among the working-age population worldwide. Present therapeutic strategies such as intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF and laser photocoagulation mainly target proliferative DR. However, there is a need for early effective management in patients with early stage
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Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major vision-threatening disease among the working-age population worldwide. Present therapeutic strategies such as intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF and laser photocoagulation mainly target proliferative DR. However, there is a need for early effective management in patients with early stage of DR before its progression into the more severe sight-threatening proliferative stage. Nutraceuticals, natural functional foods with few side effects, have been proposed to be beneficial in patients with DR. Over the decades, many studies, either in vitro or in vivo, have demonstrated the advantages of a number of nutraceuticals in DR with their antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, or vasoprotective effects. However, only a few clinical trials have been conducted, and their outcomes varied. The low bioavailability and instability of many nutraceuticals have indeed hindered their utilization in clinical use. In this context, nanoparticle carriers have been developed to deliver nutraceuticals and to improve their bioavailability. Despite its preclinical nature, research of interventive nutraceuticals for DR may yield promising information in their clinical applications.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Nutrition in Eye Health)
Open AccessArticle
Dietary Fiber-Derived Butyrate Alleviates Piglet Weaning Stress by Modulating the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Pathway
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Weikang Huangfu, Jixiang Ma, Yan Zhang, Mengqi Liu, Boshuai Liu, Jiangchao Zhao, Zhichang Wang and Yinghua Shi
Nutrients 2024, 16(11), 1714; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16111714 - 30 May 2024
Abstract
During weaning, piglets are susceptible to intestinal inflammation and impairment in barrier function. Dietary fiber (DF) plays an active role in alleviating weaning stress in piglets. However, the effects of different sources of dietary fiber on the performance of weaned piglets are inconsistent,
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During weaning, piglets are susceptible to intestinal inflammation and impairment in barrier function. Dietary fiber (DF) plays an active role in alleviating weaning stress in piglets. However, the effects of different sources of dietary fiber on the performance of weaned piglets are inconsistent, and the mechanisms through which they affect intestinal health need to be explored. Therefore, in this study, sixty weaned piglets were randomly divided into three treatment groups: basal diet (control, CON), beet pulp (BP), and alfalfa meal (AM) according to the feed formulation for a 28-day trial. The results showed that both AM and BP groups significantly reduced diarrhea rate and serum inflammatory factors (IL-1β and TNF-α) and increased antioxidant markers (T-AOC and SOD), in addition to decreasing serum MDA and ROS concentrations in the AM group. At the same time, piglets in the AM group showed a significant reduction in serum intestinal permeability indices (LPS and DAO) and a substantial increase in serum immunoglobulin levels (IgA, IgG, and IgM) and expression of intestinal barrier-associated genes (Claudin1, Occludin, ZO-1, and MUC1), which resulted in an improved growth performance. Interestingly, the effect of DF on intestinal inflammation and barrier function can be attributed to its modulation of gut microbes. Fiber-degrading bacteria enriched in the AM group (Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, Pediococcus and Weissella) inhibited the production of TLR4- through the promotion of SCFAs (especially butyrate). MyD88-NF-κB signaling pathway activation reduces intestinal inflammation and repairs intestinal barrier function. In conclusion, it may provide some theoretical support and rationale for AM to alleviate weaning stress and improve early intestinal dysfunction, which may have implications for human infants.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Fiber, Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Disorder)
Open AccessArticle
Nutritional Status and Health-Related Quality of Life among Home-Dwelling Older Adults Aged 75 Years: The PORI75 Study
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Susanna Kunvik, Jonna-Carita Kanninen, Anu Holm, Merja H. Suominen, Hannu Kautiainen and Juha Puustinen
Nutrients 2024, 16(11), 1713; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16111713 - 30 May 2024
Abstract
Malnutrition in older people has been considered as a health concern associated with a range of implications for health and functional ability. However, evidence of nutrition and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among older people is limited. The aim of this study was
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Malnutrition in older people has been considered as a health concern associated with a range of implications for health and functional ability. However, evidence of nutrition and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among older people is limited. The aim of this study was to study the associations between nutritional status and HRQoL among home-dwelling older adults aged 75 years. In this cross-sectional study, we studied 75-year-old home-dwelling residents who participated in PORI75 preventive health screenings in 2020 and completed the full Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). The participants’ HRQoL was measured using the 15D instrument. Altogether, 462 participants (60% women) were included. Of these, 11% had decreased nutritional status (MNA score < 24); 12.7% were women and 8.6% were men, with no difference between the sexes (p = 0.17). A relationship was found between HRQoL and the MNA: a decreased MNA score was associated with decreased HRQoL (p < 0.001, r = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.38 to 0.53). All 15 HRQoL dimensions (except hearing) were associated with the MNA score. Among the men, the association was stronger compared to the women, especially when the MNA score was <24, indicating decreased nutritional status. In conclusion, impaired nutritional status seems to be associated with impaired HRQoL among 75-year-old people living at home, especially among men.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Geriatric Nutrition)
Open AccessArticle
Explorative Characterization of GI Complaints, General Physical and Mental Wellbeing, and Gut Microbiota in Trained Recreative and Competitive Athletes with or without Self-Reported Gastrointestinal Symptoms
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Floris C. Wardenaar, Alex E. Mohr, Carmen P. Ortega-Santos, Jean Nyakayiru, Christine Kersch-Counet, Yat Chan, Anna-Marie Clear, Jonathan Kurka, Kinta D. Schott and Ryan G. N. Seltzer
Nutrients 2024, 16(11), 1712; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16111712 - 30 May 2024
Abstract
The current state of the literature lacks a clear characterization of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, gut microbiota composition, and general physical and mental wellbeing in well-trained athletes. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize differences in self-reported symptoms, gut microbiota composition, and wellbeing (i.e., sleep
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The current state of the literature lacks a clear characterization of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, gut microbiota composition, and general physical and mental wellbeing in well-trained athletes. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize differences in self-reported symptoms, gut microbiota composition, and wellbeing (i.e., sleep quality, mood, and physical (PHQ) and mental wellbeing) between athletes with and without GI symptoms. In addition, we assessed the potential impact of a 3-week multi-ingredient fermented whey supplement in the GI complaints group, without a control group, on the gut microbiota and self-reported GI symptoms and wellbeing. A total of 50 athletes (24.7 ± 4.5 years) with GI issues (GI group at baseline, GI-B) and 21 athletes (25.4 ± 5.3 years) without GI issues (non-GI group, NGI) were included. At baseline, there was a significant difference in the total gastrointestinal symptom rating scale (GSRS) score (24.1 ± 8.48 vs. 30.3 ± 8.82, p = 0.008) and a trend difference in PHQ (33.9 ± 10.7 vs. 30.3 ± 8.82, p = 0.081), but no differences (p > 0.05) were seen for other outcomes, including gut microbiota metrics, between groups. After 3-week supplementation, the GI group (GI-S) showed increased Bifidobacterium relative abundance (p < 0.05), reported a lower number of severe GI complaints (from 72% to 54%, p < 0.001), and PHQ declined (p = 0.010). In conclusion, well-trained athletes with GI complaints reported more severe GI symptoms than an athletic reference group, without showing clear differences in wellbeing or microbiota composition. Future controlled research should further investigate the impact of such multi-ingredient supplements on GI complaints and the associated changes in gut health-related markers.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Nutritional Immunology)
Open AccessArticle
Dynamic Changes in Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolite Trimethylamine-N-Oxide and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Potential for Dietary Changes in Diabetes Prevention
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Yuliang Huang, Yani Wu, Yao Zhang, He Bai, Ruiheng Peng, Wenli Ruan, Qianlong Zhang, Enmao Cai, Mingfeng Ma, Yueyang Zhao, Ying Lu and Liqiang Zheng
Nutrients 2024, 16(11), 1711; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16111711 - 30 May 2024
Abstract
Background: A gut-microbial metabolite, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), has been associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Few previous prospective studies have addressed associations between the changes in TMAO and T2DM incidence. Methods: Data were derived from a longitudinal cohort conducted from 2019
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Background: A gut-microbial metabolite, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), has been associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Few previous prospective studies have addressed associations between the changes in TMAO and T2DM incidence. Methods: Data were derived from a longitudinal cohort conducted from 2019 to 2021 in rural areas of Fuxin County, Liaoning Province, China, and 1515 diabetes-free participants aged above 35 years were included. The concentrations of serum TMAO and its precursors were measured at two time points, namely in 2019 and 2021. TMAO and TMAO changes (ΔTMAO) were separately tested in a logistic regression model. For further examination, the odds ratios (ORs) for T2DM were calculated according to a combination of TMAO levels and ΔTMAO levels. Results: During a median follow-up of 1.85 years, 81 incident cases of T2DM (5.35%) were identified. Baseline TMAO levels exhibited a nonlinear relationship, first decreasing and then increasing, and only at the highest quartile was it associated with the risk of T2DM. The OR for T2DM in the highest quartile of serum TMAO was 3.35 (95%CI: 1.55–7.26, p = 0.002), compared with the lowest quartile. As for its precursors, only choline level was associated with T2DM risk and the OR for T2DM in the Q3 and Q4 of serum choline was 3.37 (95%CI: 1.41–8.05, p = 0.006) and 4.72 (95%CI: 1.47–15.13, p = 0.009), respectively. When considering both baseline TMAO levels and ΔTMAO over time, participants with sustained high TMAO levels demonstrated a significantly increased risk of T2DM, with a multivariable-adjusted OR of 8.68 (95%CI: 1.97, 38.34). Conclusion: Both initial serum TMAO levels and long-term serum TMAO changes were collectively and significantly associated with the occurrence of subsequent T2DM events. Interventions aimed at normalizing TMAO levels, such as adopting a healthy dietary pattern, may be particularly beneficial in T2DM prevention.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Update on Diet, Nutrition and Type 2 Diabetes: Separating the Science from the Hype)
Open AccessReview
Longitudinal Changes in Human Milk Minerals and Vitamins in the Chinese Population: A Scoping Review
by
Qiqi Ren, Kaifeng Li, Jufang Li, Jiancun Pan, Yang Liu, Yong Chen, Yajun Xu and Qinggang Xie
Nutrients 2024, 16(11), 1710; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16111710 - 30 May 2024
Abstract
This scoping review aims to investigate longitudinal changes in minerals and vitamins concentrations in human milk among the Chinese population. Following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines, a comprehensive and systematic literature search was conducted using both English and Chinese databases. Data were extracted and categorized
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This scoping review aims to investigate longitudinal changes in minerals and vitamins concentrations in human milk among the Chinese population. Following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines, a comprehensive and systematic literature search was conducted using both English and Chinese databases. Data were extracted and categorized into six defined lactation stages. We found that the concentration of most minerals decreased throughout the lactation period, although calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) fluctuated slightly across lactation periods. Fat-soluble vitamins also showed a decline throughout the lactation period, while water-soluble vitamins exhibited an increasing trend. However, folic acid, biotin, and pantothenic acid demonstrated a downward trend. Overall, this review has identified the longitudinal changes in minerals and vitamins concentrations in human milk among the Chinese population. In order to conduct a more in-depth examination of maternal characteristics and nutritional factors of the composition of human milk, it is recommended to utilize standardized protocols for the collection and analysis of human milk samples.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Pediatric Nutrition)
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Trends and Missing Links in (De)Hydration Research: A Narrative Review
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Alexandre Rebelo-Marques, Bruna Coelho-Ribeiro, Adriana De Sousa Lages, Renato Andrade, José Afonso, Rogério Pereira, Ana Sofia Batista, Vitor Hugo Teixeira and Cristina Jácome
Nutrients 2024, 16(11), 1709; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16111709 - 30 May 2024
Abstract
Despite decades of literature on (de)hydration in healthy individuals, many unanswered questions remain. To outline research and policy priorities, it is fundamental to recognize the literature trends on (de)hydration and identify current research gaps, which herein we aimed to pinpoint. From a representative
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Despite decades of literature on (de)hydration in healthy individuals, many unanswered questions remain. To outline research and policy priorities, it is fundamental to recognize the literature trends on (de)hydration and identify current research gaps, which herein we aimed to pinpoint. From a representative sample of 180 (de)hydration studies with 4350 individuals, we found that research is mainly limited to small-scale laboratory-based sample sizes, with high variability in demographics (sex, age, and level of competition); to non-ecological (highly simulated and controlled) conditions; and with a focus on recreationally active male adults (e.g., Tier 1, non-athletes). The laboratory-simulated environments are limiting factors underpinning the need to better translate scientific research into field studies. Although, consistently, dehydration is defined as the loss of 2% of body weight, the hydration status is estimated using a very heterogeneous range of parameters. Water is the most researched hydration fluid, followed by alcoholic beverages with added carbohydrates (CHO). The current research still overlooks beverages supplemented with proteins, amino acids (AA), and glycerol. Future research should invest more effort in “real-world” studies with larger and more heterogeneous cohorts, exploring the entire available spectrum of fluids while addressing hydration outcomes more harmoniously.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Nutrition and Public Health)
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Open AccessArticle
Potential Celiac Disease in Children: Health Status on a Long-Term Gluten-Containing Diet
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Mandile Roberta, Lerro Federica, Carpinelli Martina, D’Antonio Lorenzo, Greco Luigi, Troncone Riccardo and Auricchio Renata
Nutrients 2024, 16(11), 1708; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16111708 - 30 May 2024
Abstract
Potential celiac disease (PCD) is a clinical condition characterised by the presence of a positive CD-specific serology and a normal intestinal architecture. Asymptomatic PCD patients are generally advised to continue on a gluten-containing diet (GCD), but long-term risks of this approach have never
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Potential celiac disease (PCD) is a clinical condition characterised by the presence of a positive CD-specific serology and a normal intestinal architecture. Asymptomatic PCD patients are generally advised to continue on a gluten-containing diet (GCD), but long-term risks of this approach have never been explored. In the present study, we aimed to investigate nutritional and autoimmune complications possibly developing overtime in a cohort of asymptomatic PCD children on a GCD. We compared children’s parameters of growth, nutritional status, and autoimmunity between the time of diagnosis and on the occasion of their last medical check, after a long-term gluten-containing diet. Altogether, we collected data from 171 PCD children with a mean follow-up time of 3 years (range 0.35–15.3 years). During follow-up, although patients did not reduce their amount of daily gluten intake, their anti-tissue transglutaminase (anti-TG2) antibodies spontaneously and significantly decreased. Most parameters analysed had not changed during follow-up (height centile, ferritin, albumin, cholesterol, calcium, alkaline phosphatase, parathormone, and vitamin D) or even improved significantly (weight and BMI centile, haemoglobin, blood iron, HDL, glycaemia, and HbA1C, p < 0.05), always remaining within the limit of normality. Equally, autoantibodies for other concomitant autoimmune disorders did not increase overtime. Similar results were obtained excluding from analysis patients who had stopped producing anti-TG2 and those with a follow-up time < 3 years. Our pilot study has provided reassuring results regarding the maintenance of a gluten-containing diet in asymptomatic PCD children, even when long-term follow-up was considered.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Pediatric Nutrition)
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Open AccessReview
Association of Dietary Vegetable and Fruit Consumption with Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
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Seung-Hee Hong and Yun-Jung Bae
Nutrients 2024, 16(11), 1707; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16111707 - 30 May 2024
Abstract
Previous studies have shown contradictory results regarding the association between vegetable and fruit consumption and the risk of sarcopenia. We aimed to evaluate this association using a meta-analysis, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We searched PubMed, EMBASE,
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Previous studies have shown contradictory results regarding the association between vegetable and fruit consumption and the risk of sarcopenia. We aimed to evaluate this association using a meta-analysis, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library through July 2023 using related keywords. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated based on the random-effects model. We included 14 observational studies with 11 cross-sectional and three cohort studies involving 6436 sarcopenias among 33,801 participants. Vegetable and fruit consumption were significantly associated with reduced sarcopenia risk (OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.48 to 0.79; I2 = 59.8%). The association was significant in cross-sectional studies (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.49 to 0.84; I2 = 56.3%; n = 11) but not in cohort studies (OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.22 to 1.11; I2 = 76.4%; n = 3). Moreover, the association was significant in age ≥60 (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.49 to 0.83; I2 = 58.0%; n = 10). This meta-analysis suggests that eating vegetables and fruit reduces sarcopenia risk. However, as cohort studies provide a higher level of evidence than case–control studies, further prospective cohort studies should be conducted.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Nutritional Epidemiology)
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Open AccessReview
Plant-Based Proteins, Peptides and Amino Acids in Food Products Dedicated for Sportspeople—A Narrative Review of the Literature
by
Kinga Kostrakiewicz-Gierałt
Nutrients 2024, 16(11), 1706; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16111706 - 30 May 2024
Abstract
Plant proteins are increasingly seen as critical nutrient sources for both amateur and professional athletes. The aim of the presented study was to review the inventions and experimental articles referring to the application of plant-based proteins, peptides and amino acids in food products
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Plant proteins are increasingly seen as critical nutrient sources for both amateur and professional athletes. The aim of the presented study was to review the inventions and experimental articles referring to the application of plant-based proteins, peptides and amino acids in food products dedicated to sportspeople and published in the period 2014–2023. The literature search was conducted according to PRISMA statementsacross several key databases, including Scopus and ISI Web of Science. Altogether, 106 patents and 35 original articles were found. The survey of patents and inventions described in the articles showed the use of 52 taxa (mainly annual herbaceous plants), creating edible seeds and representing mainly the families Fabaceae and Poaceae. The majority of inventions were developed by research teams numbering from two to five scientists, affiliated in China, The United States of America and Japan. The greatest number of inventions applied plant-based proteins (especially protein isolates), declared the nutritional activity and were prepared in liquid or solid consistency. According to the reviewed studies, the intake of soybean and potato proteins might provide better results than animal-based protein (excluding resistance training), whereas the consumption of pea and rice protein does not possess any unique anabolic properties over whey protein. The analysis of other investigations demonstrated the varied acceptability and consumption of food products, while the high rating of the tested food products presented in four articles seems to be an effect of their sensual values, as well as other elements, such as production method, health benefits and cost-effectiveness. Considering the great potential of useful plant species, it might be concluded that future investigations focusing on searching for novel plant protein sources, suitable for the preparation of food products dedicated to amateur and professional sportspeople, remain of interest.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Food First Approach in Sports Nutrition)
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Open AccessArticle
Banana Lectin: A Novel Immunomodulatory Strategy for Mitigating Inflammatory Bowel Disease
by
Radmila Miljkovic, Emilija Marinkovic, Ivana Lukic, Ana Kovacevic, Zorana Lopandic, Mina Popovic, Marija Gavrovic-Jankulovic, Irma Schabussova, Aleksandra Inic-Kanada and Marijana Stojanovic
Nutrients 2024, 16(11), 1705; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16111705 - 30 May 2024
Abstract
Compared to the general population, patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are less likely to be vaccinated, putting them at an increased risk of vaccine-preventable illnesses. This risk is further compounded by the immunosuppressive therapies commonly used in IBD management. Therefore, developing new
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Compared to the general population, patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are less likely to be vaccinated, putting them at an increased risk of vaccine-preventable illnesses. This risk is further compounded by the immunosuppressive therapies commonly used in IBD management. Therefore, developing new treatments for IBD that maintain immune function is crucial, as successful management can lead to better vaccination outcomes and overall health for these patients. Here, we investigate the potential of recombinant banana lectin (rBanLec) as a supporting therapeutic measure to improve IBD control and possibly increase vaccination rates among IBD patients. By examining the therapeutic efficacy of rBanLec in a murine model of experimental colitis, we aim to lay the foundation for its application in improving vaccination outcomes. After inducing experimental colitis in C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid, we treated animals orally with varying doses of rBanLec 0.1–10 µg/mL (0.01—1 µg/dose) during the course of the disease. We assessed the severity of colitis and rBanLec’s modulation of the immune response compared to control groups. rBanLec administration resulted in an inverse dose–response reduction in colitis severity (less pronounced weight loss, less shortening of the colon) and an improved recovery profile, highlighting its therapeutic potential. Notably, rBanLec-treated mice exhibited significant modulation of the immune response, favoring anti-inflammatory pathways (primarily reduction in a local [TNFα]/[IL-10]) crucial for effective vaccination. Our findings suggest that rBanLec could mitigate the adverse effects of immunosuppressive therapy on vaccine responsiveness in IBD patients. By improving the underlying immune response, rBanLec may increase the efficacy of vaccinations, offering a dual benefit of disease management and prevention of vaccine-preventable illnesses. Further studies are required to translate these findings into clinical practice.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Nutritional Immunology)
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Open AccessReview
Validity of Measured vs. Self-Reported Weight and Height and Practical Considerations for Enhancing Reliability in Clinical and Epidemiological Studies: A Systematic Review
by
Khadijah Fayyaz, Mo’ath F. Bataineh, Habiba I. Ali, Ali M. Al-Nawaiseh, Rami H. Al-Rifai’ and Hafiz M. Shahbaz
Nutrients 2024, 16(11), 1704; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16111704 - 30 May 2024
Abstract
Self-reported measures of height and weight are often used in large epidemiological studies. However, concerns remain regarding the validity and reliability of these self-reported measures. The aim of this systematic review was to summarise and evaluate the comparative validity of measured and self-reported
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Self-reported measures of height and weight are often used in large epidemiological studies. However, concerns remain regarding the validity and reliability of these self-reported measures. The aim of this systematic review was to summarise and evaluate the comparative validity of measured and self-reported weight and height data and to recommend strategies to improve the reliability of self-reported-data collection across studies. This systematic review adopted the PRISMA guidelines. Four online sources, including PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, and CINAHL, were utilised. A total of 17,800 articles were screened, and 10 studies were eligible to be included in the SLR based on the defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The findings from the studies revealed good agreement between measured and self-reported weight and height based on intra-class correlation coefficient and Bland–Altman plots. Overall, measured weight and height had higher validity and reliability (ICC > 0.9; LOA < 1 SD). However, due to biases such as social pressure and self-esteem issues, women underreported their weight, while men overreported their height. In essence, self-reported measures remain valuable indicators to supplement the restricted direct anthropometric data, particularly in large-scale surveys. However, it is essential to address potential sources of bias.
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(This article belongs to the Section Nutrition and Public Health)
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Open AccessSystematic Review
A Systematic Review over the Effect of Early Infant Diet on Neurodevelopment: Insights from Neuroimaging
by
Dylan Gilbreath, Darcy Hagood and Linda Larson-Prior
Nutrients 2024, 16(11), 1703; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16111703 - 30 May 2024
Abstract
The optimization of infant neuronal development through nutrition is an increasingly studied area. While human milk consumption during infancy is thought to give a slight cognitive advantage throughout early childhood in comparison to commercial formula, the biological underpinnings of this process are less
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The optimization of infant neuronal development through nutrition is an increasingly studied area. While human milk consumption during infancy is thought to give a slight cognitive advantage throughout early childhood in comparison to commercial formula, the biological underpinnings of this process are less well-known and debated in the literature. This systematic review seeks to quantitatively analyze whether early diet affects infant neurodevelopment as measured by various neuroimaging modalities and techniques. Results presented suggest that human milk does have a slight positive impact on the structural development of the infant brain—and that this impact is larger in preterm infants. Other diets with distinct macronutrient compositions were also considered, although these had more conflicting results.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Early Nutrition and Neurodevelopment)
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Open AccessArticle
Bifidobacterium adolescentis SBT2786 Improves Sleep Quality in Japanese Adults with Relatively High Levels of Stress: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
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Hiroki Murakami, Taro Ko, Haruka Ouchi, Toshiharu Namba, Shukuko Ebihara and Shunjiro Kobayashi
Nutrients 2024, 16(11), 1702; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16111702 - 30 May 2024
Abstract
Sleep disorders associated with lifestyle changes and unhealthy habits are major public health concerns. Our previous study showed that Bifidobacterium adolescentis SBT2786 has a potent sleep-promoting effect on fruit flies. Fruit flies share many similarities with mammals, making them suitable model organisms for
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Sleep disorders associated with lifestyle changes and unhealthy habits are major public health concerns. Our previous study showed that Bifidobacterium adolescentis SBT2786 has a potent sleep-promoting effect on fruit flies. Fruit flies share many similarities with mammals, making them suitable model organisms for studying sleep. Thus, in the present study, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial to test whether SBT2786 has sleep-enhancing effects in humans. In this study, 61 participants in the SBT2786 group and 65 participants in the placebo group were analyzed. The results showed that SBT2786 increased sleep time; however, it predominantly increased light sleep and did not improve subjective sleep quality. Interestingly, mood improvement was observed. A subgroup analysis was conducted on participants with high stress levels, and results showed that these participants experienced an increase in sleep duration and an improvement in sleepiness upon waking up and reported feeling well-rested during the day. We concluded that SBT2786 may improve sleep quality, particularly in individuals experiencing high levels of stress, and that SBT2786 can be used as a dietary supplement to improve sleep and mood.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Associations between Sleep, Nutrition, and Health)
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Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) Improved Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Characteristics and Microbiota and Did Not Affect Organ Fibrosis Induced by a Fructose-Enriched Diet in Wistar Male Rats
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Nicole Fakhoury-Sayegh, Aya Hamdan, Sarah Lebbos, Tarek Itani, Viviane Trak-Smayra, Aline Khazzaka, Carole Dagher-Hamalian, Lea Nicole Sayegh, May Mallah, Omar Obeid and Raymond Sayegh
Nutrients 2024, 16(11), 1701; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16111701 - 30 May 2024
Abstract
Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) is reported to play a role in improving nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and intestinal microbiota (IM). To study spirulina’s effects in the improvement of NAFLD characteristics, IM, and pancreatic–renal lesions induced by a fructose-enriched diet, 40 Wistar
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Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) is reported to play a role in improving nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and intestinal microbiota (IM). To study spirulina’s effects in the improvement of NAFLD characteristics, IM, and pancreatic–renal lesions induced by a fructose-enriched diet, 40 Wistar healthy male rats, weighing 200–250 g, were randomly divided into four groups of 10, and each rat per group was assigned a diet of equal quantities (20 g/day) for 18 weeks. The first control group (CT) was fed a standardized diet, the second group received a 40% fructose-enriched diet (HFr), and the third (HFr-S5) and fourth groups (HFr-S10) were assigned the same diet composition as the second group but enriched with 5% and 10% spirulina, respectively. At week 18, the HFr-S10 group maintained its level of serum triglycerides and had the lowest liver fat between the groups. At the phylae and family level, and for the same period, the HFr-S10 group had the lowest increase in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and the Ruminococcaceae and the highest fecal alpha diversity compared to all other groups (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that at a 10% concentration, spirulina could be used in nutritional intervention to improve IM, fatty liver, metabolic, and inflammatory parameters associated with NAFLD.
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(This article belongs to the Section Phytochemicals and Human Health)
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The Impact of Sustainability Courses: Are They Effective in Improving Diet Quality and Anthropometric Indices?
by
Çağla Pınarlı Falakacılar and Sevinç Yücecan
Nutrients 2024, 16(11), 1700; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16111700 - 30 May 2024
Abstract
There are studies on the effect of general nutrition education on diet quality and anthropometric measurements, while studies showing the effectiveness of sustainable nutrition education, which also addresses the effect of food on the environment, are quite limited. This study aimed to investigate
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There are studies on the effect of general nutrition education on diet quality and anthropometric measurements, while studies showing the effectiveness of sustainable nutrition education, which also addresses the effect of food on the environment, are quite limited. This study aimed to investigate the effects of sustainable nutrition education on diet quality, anthropometric measurements, and the carbon footprint (CFP) and water footprint (WFP) of diet. A total of 160 university students received 1 h of sustainable nutrition education for 6 weeks. Before, at the end of, and 2 months after the courses, 24 h food consumption records were taken to assess diet quality and CFP and WFP values of diet, and Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2020 scores were evaluated. The results of the study showed that sustainable nutrition education increased MedDiet score by 1.86 points and HEI-2020 score by 7.38 points. This education program also decreased body weight, body mass index (BMI), fat mass, and neck circumference. Sustainability education has a positive impact on calcium, potassium, and magnesium intakes, a negative impact on vitamin B12 and zinc intakes, and no effect on total protein intake. Education resulted in a 22% reduction in CFP and a 10% reduction in WFP.
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(This article belongs to the Section Nutritional Policies and Education for Health Promotion)
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Saponin Esculeoside A and Aglycon Esculeogenin A from Ripe Tomatoes Inhibit Dendritic Cell Function by Attenuation of Toll-like Receptor 4 Signaling
by
Jian-Rong Zhou, Shigenori Kinno, Kenta Kaihara, Madoka Sawai, Takumi Ishida, Shinji Takechi, Jun Fang, Toshihiro Nohara and Kazumi Yokomizo
Nutrients 2024, 16(11), 1699; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16111699 - 30 May 2024
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) can initiate immune response through the presenting antigens to naïve T lymphocytes. Esculeoside A (EsA), a spirosolane glycoside, is reported as a major component in the ripe fruit of tomato. Little is known about the effect of tomato saponin on
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Dendritic cells (DCs) can initiate immune response through the presenting antigens to naïve T lymphocytes. Esculeoside A (EsA), a spirosolane glycoside, is reported as a major component in the ripe fruit of tomato. Little is known about the effect of tomato saponin on mice bone marrow-derived DCs. This study revealed that EsA and its aglycon, esculeogenin A (Esg-A), attenuated the phenotypic and functional maturation of murine DCs stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We found that EsA/Esg-A down-regulated the expression of major histocompatibility complex type II molecules and costimulatory molecule CD86 after LPS stimulation. It was also determined that EsA-/Esg-A-treated DCs were poor stimulators of allogeneic T-cell proliferation and exhibited impaired interleukin-12 and TNF-α production. Additionally, EsA/Esg-A was able to inhibit TLR4-related and p-NFκB signaling pathways. This study shows new insights into the immunopharmacology of EsA/Esg-A, and represents a novel approach to controlling DCs for therapeutic application.
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(This article belongs to the Section Nutritional Immunology)
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