Journal Description
Horticulturae
Horticulturae
is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal published monthly online by MDPI. The Spanish Society of Horticultural Sciences (SECH) is affiliated with Horticulturae and its members receive a discount on the article processing charges.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), PubAg, AGRIS, FSTA, and other databases.
- Journal Rank: JCR - Q1 (Horticulture) / CiteScore - Q2 (Horticulture)
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 14.7 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 2.6 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the second half of 2023).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
Impact Factor:
3.1 (2022);
5-Year Impact Factor:
3.4 (2022)
Latest Articles
Response to Various Water Regimes of the Physiological Aspects, Nutritional Water Productivity, and Phytochemical Composition of Bush Tea (Athrixia phylicoides DC.) Grown under a Protected Environment
Horticulturae 2024, 10(6), 590; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10060590 - 4 Jun 2024
Abstract
The influence of water regimes on plants is crucial for integrating bush tea (Athrixia phylicoides DC.) into strategies in Sub-Saharan Africa to tackle food and nutritional insecurity by considering physiological aspects, nutritional yield, nutritional water productivity, and metabolite composition. The objective of
[...] Read more.
The influence of water regimes on plants is crucial for integrating bush tea (Athrixia phylicoides DC.) into strategies in Sub-Saharan Africa to tackle food and nutritional insecurity by considering physiological aspects, nutritional yield, nutritional water productivity, and metabolite composition. The objective of the study was to determine the physiological aspects, including leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence, nutritional yield, nutritional water productivity, and metabolite composition of bush tea under varying water regimes. The tunnel experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with treatments consisting of three water regimes: 100% of crop water requirement (ETa), 30% of ETa, and a control (no irrigation), all replicated three times. The morphological aspects were recorded on a weekly basis. However, yield, nutrient content, nutritional water productivity (NWP), and phytochemical composition were determined at harvest. The phytochemical analysis by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS), coupled with visualization of the detected chemical spaces through molecular networking, indicated Athrixia phylicoides DC. to be rich in various bioactive compound derivatives, including methyl chlorogenate, flavonoids, tartaric acid, caffeoylquinic acid, and glutinane. The results showed that 30% ETa enhanced plant growth, nutrient content, and nutritional water productivity compared to other water treatments. Nevertheless, 100% ETa yielded more (95.62 kg ha−1) than 30% ETa (60.61 kg ha−1) and control (12.12 kg ha−1). The accumulation of chlorogenic acids was higher under 30% ETa compared to 100% ETa and control. Therefore, this study is the first to determine the accumulation of various bioactive compounds in bush tea leaf extracts under varying water regimes. This confirms that in areas with low water availability, bush tea is well adapted for production without limiting nutrients.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Breeding, Cultivation, and Metabolic Regulation of Medicinal Plants)
Open AccessArticle
Investigating the Effect of Hydrafiber and Biochar as a Substitute for Peat-Based Substrate for Zinnia (Zinnia elegans) and Snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus) Production
by
Lilin Chen, Julia Rycyna and Ping Yu
Horticulturae 2024, 10(6), 589; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10060589 - 4 Jun 2024
Abstract
Increasing environmental and economic concerns necessitate the research for peat moss alternatives, aiming to balance ecological sustainability with cost-effectiveness. This study assessed whether biochar (BC) and hydrafiber (HF) could be a partial replacement for peat moss as substrate components. Twelve substrates were formulated
[...] Read more.
Increasing environmental and economic concerns necessitate the research for peat moss alternatives, aiming to balance ecological sustainability with cost-effectiveness. This study assessed whether biochar (BC) and hydrafiber (HF) could be a partial replacement for peat moss as substrate components. Twelve substrates were formulated by either mixing BC (20%, 40%, and 60%, by vol.) with HF (20%, 40%, and 60%, by vol.), with the remaining being peat moss or mixing BC (0%, 20%, 40%, and 60%, by vol.) with the commercial substrates (CS) to grow zinnia (Zinnia elegans) and snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus) plants in containers. The physical properties of the substrates, including container capacity, total porosity, air space, bulk density, and chemical properties including leachate pH and electrical conductivity (EC) were measured. Plant growth parameters including growth index (GI) and leaf greenness (indicated with SPAD), biomass, and number of flowers were measured biweekly. The results showed all the substrate mixes had similar air space, bulk density, and SPAD. Treatment with 20% BC and 80% CS yielded the highest GI, biomass, and numbers of flowers in both zinnia and snapdragon. In conclusion, BC could be used to partially (20%) replace commercial substrate mix for container-grown zinnia and snapdragon.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Amendments in Soilless Culture for Improved Productivity of Horticultural Plants)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Iris typhifolia Responses to Saline–Alkali Stress: Germination, Antioxidant Activity, Hormones, and Photosynthetic Performance
by
Lifei Chen, Jiahui Yu, Xi Lu, Qi Wang, Shizhuo Wang, Yuze Shan, Yang Liu, Yuan Meng and Yunwei Zhou
Horticulturae 2024, 10(6), 588; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10060588 - 4 Jun 2024
Abstract
Iris typhifolia Kitag is a perennial herbaceous species with high ornamental and applied value. Elucidating the mechanism of saline–alkali tolerance in Iris is crucial for their promotion in saline–alkali areas. Saline–alkali stress is one of the factors that affects plant growth, which has
[...] Read more.
Iris typhifolia Kitag is a perennial herbaceous species with high ornamental and applied value. Elucidating the mechanism of saline–alkali tolerance in Iris is crucial for their promotion in saline–alkali areas. Saline–alkali stress is one of the factors that affects plant growth, which has become a significant global issue. In this study, we measured the physiological and biochemical indexes of I. typhifolia, through germination and potting trials, to evaluate the resistance of I. typhifolia to different levels of artificial saline–alkali stress (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mmol·L−1). The results showed that artificial saline–alkali stress negatively impacted germination parameters, cell membrane integrity, and photosynthetic parameters. Different trends in osmoregulatory substances and endogenous hormones were observed. It was shown that I. typhifolia had a potential adaptability to the saline–alkali environment by enhancing its internal defense mechanism. Based on regression analyses, the germination threshold of I. typhifolia was calculated to be 87.15 mmol·L−1, which provided a theoretical basis for the application in soil saline–alkalization areas.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modernizing Horticultural Crop Improvement for Enhanced Yields and Quality)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Efficient In Vitro Propagation of Turpinia arguta and Quantitative Analysis of Its Ligustroflavone and Rhoifolin Content
by
Jiangmei Hu, Junhuo Cai, Xinrui Hu, Lijun Wang, Qiangqiang Cheng and Xiuhua Tao
Horticulturae 2024, 10(6), 587; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10060587 (registering DOI) - 4 Jun 2024
Abstract
Turpinia arguta is an excellent medicinal plant mainly used for the treatment of pharyngitis, tonsillitis, and tonsillar abscesses. However, an efficient regeneration protocol using tissue cultures for T. arguta does not exist. Its main medicinal constituents are flavonoids, particularly ligustroflavone and rhoifolin. Here,
[...] Read more.
Turpinia arguta is an excellent medicinal plant mainly used for the treatment of pharyngitis, tonsillitis, and tonsillar abscesses. However, an efficient regeneration protocol using tissue cultures for T. arguta does not exist. Its main medicinal constituents are flavonoids, particularly ligustroflavone and rhoifolin. Here, we aimed to establish a tissue culture system for T. arguta for the first time using annual stem segments with axillary buds harvested from the field of the Jiangxi Academy of Forestry as explants by dynamically determining the accumulation of effective functional components in the tissue culture plantlets. Orthogonal tests were conducted to compare the effects of different explant disinfection times, media, and exogenous hormone ratios on the induction of the axillary bud growth, successional proliferation, and rooting of T. arguta stem segments. The best explant disinfection effect was achieved by disinfecting the T. arguta explant with 75% ethanol for 50 s, followed by 0.1% mercuric chloride (HgCl2) for 6 min, and the optimal media for successional proliferation and rooting were Murashige and Skoog (MS) + 0.2 mg/L of 6-benzyladenine (6-BA), + 0.03 mg/L of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and ½ MS + 2.5 mg/L of indole-3-butyric acid + 0.5 mg/L of NAA, respectively. The detection of ligustroflavone and rhoifolin in tissue culture plantlets 0, 3, and 5 months after transplanting showed a significant increasing trend and eventually exceeded the content requirements of the 2020 Edition ofChinese Pharmacopoeia for T. arguta. Our findings provide, for the first time, an effective tissue culture system for T. arguta, thereby providing important information to support the germplasm preservation, innovation, and application of T. arguta in the future.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Propagation and Seeds)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
The Molecular Biology Analysis for the Growing and Development of Hydrangea macrophylla ‘Endless Summer’ under Different Light and Temperature Conditions
by
Zheng Li, Tong Lyu and Yingmin Lyu
Horticulturae 2024, 10(6), 586; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10060586 (registering DOI) - 4 Jun 2024
Abstract
Hydrangea macrophylla, a celebrated ornamental worldwide, thrives in semi-shaded growth environments in its natural habitat. This study utilizes Hydrangea macrophylla ‘Endless Summer’ as the experimental material to delve into its molecular mechanisms for adapting to semi-shaded conditions. Transcriptome analysis was conducted on
[...] Read more.
Hydrangea macrophylla, a celebrated ornamental worldwide, thrives in semi-shaded growth environments in its natural habitat. This study utilizes Hydrangea macrophylla ‘Endless Summer’ as the experimental material to delve into its molecular mechanisms for adapting to semi-shaded conditions. Transcriptome analysis was conducted on leaves from four different natural light growth scenarios, showcasing phenotypic variations. From each sample, we obtained over 276,305,940 clean reads. Following de novo assembly and quantitative assessment, 88,575 unigenes were generated, with an average length of 976 bp. Gene ontology analysis of each control group elucidated the terms associated with the suitable environmental conditions for normal growth, development, and flowering, such as “reproductive bud system development” and “signal transduction”. The exploration of gene interactions and the identification of key genes with strong connectivity were achieved by constructing a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network. The results indicate that hydrangea grows vigorously and blooms steadily under semi-shaded conditions; the photosynthetic efficiency of hydrangea is stabilized through genes related to photosynthesis, such as PHYB, PSBR, FDC, etc. Hormone signal transduction genes like PIN3, LAX2, TIF6B, and EIN3 play important roles in responding to environmental stimulation and regulating growth and development, while genes such as SOC1, COL4/5/16, and AGL24 promote flowering. The expression of genes such as BGLUs and TPSs provides additional energy substances to support flowering.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tolerance and Response of Ornamental Plants to Abiotic Stress)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Comprehensive Evaluation of the ‘Shixia’ Longan Quality under Postharvest Ambient Storage: The Volatile Compounds Played a Critical Part
by
Jingyi Li, Tao Luo, Jianhang Xu, Difa Zhu, Dongmei Han and Zhenxian Wu
Horticulturae 2024, 10(6), 585; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10060585 - 3 Jun 2024
Abstract
Longan fruit generally undergoes rapid quality deterioration during the postharvest stage, with the manifestation of flavor loss as well as pronounced off-odor production. Nevertheless, the unapparent aroma makes people ignore the odor change in postharvest longan. Sensory analysis serves as an indispensable method
[...] Read more.
Longan fruit generally undergoes rapid quality deterioration during the postharvest stage, with the manifestation of flavor loss as well as pronounced off-odor production. Nevertheless, the unapparent aroma makes people ignore the odor change in postharvest longan. Sensory analysis serves as an indispensable method combining instrumental detection and the perceptibility of human sensation in a comprehensive evaluation of quality during production and consumption. In this study, we established the evaluating data of the appearance, flavor, taste substances, volatile profiles, and deterioration of ‘Shixia’ longan throughout room-temperature storage using instrument assessment and descriptive measurements. Our results indicated that both the appearance state and the taste condition notably engendered confusion or trouble for consumers to judge under the quality transition period. Conversely, the development of odor was highly consistent with that of quality deterioration. Some unpleasant volatile substances including alcohol (ethanol), acid (acetic acid), and esters (acetic acid methyl ester and ethyl acetate) were probably the cause of off-odor during the storage. The result of the sensory evaluation also presents a more significant relevance between the overall quality and the odor. Generally, the work paved the way to reveal the importance of odor profiles for assessing the comprehensive quality condition of postharvest room-temperature stored longan.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Postharvest Fresh-Keeping Technology and Metabolomics of Horticultural Plants)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessFeature PaperArticle
Pollen- and Weather-Based Machine Learning Models for Estimating Regional Olive Production
by
Ana Galveias, Célia Antunes, Ana Rodrigues Costa and Helder Fraga
Horticulturae 2024, 10(6), 584; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10060584 - 3 Jun 2024
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
The olive tree is one of the most common type of cultivation in the Mediterranean area, having high economic and social importance. The Alentejo region, Portugal, is an area with a high presence of olive groves, which in 2022 accounted for 201,474 hectares.
[...] Read more.
The olive tree is one of the most common type of cultivation in the Mediterranean area, having high economic and social importance. The Alentejo region, Portugal, is an area with a high presence of olive groves, which in 2022 accounted for 201,474 hectares. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between olive pollen, weather data, and olive tree production, between the years 2002 and 2022. Pollen data were obtained from an urban station located in Évora, in the Alentejo region, and were used to calculate several metrics, such as the Pollen Season Duration (PSD), Seasonal Pollen Index (SPIn), peak value, and weekly pollen accumulation values. Monthly minimum, maximum, and mean temperature and precipitation sums were obtained from the E-OBS observational dataset. Considering the relationship between pollen/weather and olive production, mutual information and correlation analyses were conducted. Subsequently, several machine learning algorithms were trained using pollen and weather datasets, and we obtained suitable forecast models for olive tree production after cross-validation. The results showed high variability in pollen concentrations in Évora over the years. Complex associations were found, with certain weeks of pollen accumulation showing significant mutual information with olive production, particularly during June. The analyzed linear correlation coefficients remained generally low, underscoring the challenge of predicting olive production based on linear relationships. Among the machine learning algorithms employed to predict olive production, Decision Trees, Extreme Gradient Boosting, and Gradient Boosting Regressor were the most robust performers (r2 > 0.70), while linear models displayed a subpar performance (r2 < 0.5), emphasizing the complexity of this approach. These models highlight the roles of maximum and minimum temperatures during March and May and pollen accumulation during the second half of June. The developed models may be used as decision-support tools by growers and stakeholders to further enhance the sustainability of the thriving olive sector in southern Portugal.
Full article
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Identification and Characterization of a Virulent Meloidogyne incognita Population Breaking Tomato Mi-1-Mediated Resistance in Indiana
by
Vijay Kunwar, Wenjing Guan and Lei Zhang
Horticulturae 2024, 10(6), 583; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10060583 - 3 Jun 2024
Abstract
High-tunnel production is increasing rapidly in the US due to its effectiveness in extending production seasons. Tomato is considered one of the most profitable crops grown in high tunnels. The elevated soil temperature and constant soil moisture in high tunnels lead to the
[...] Read more.
High-tunnel production is increasing rapidly in the US due to its effectiveness in extending production seasons. Tomato is considered one of the most profitable crops grown in high tunnels. The elevated soil temperature and constant soil moisture in high tunnels lead to the buildup of root-knot nematodes (RKNs). Growing RKN-resistant tomato cultivars or grafting onto RKN-resistant tomato rootstocks is considered effective in managing RKNs. However, all of the RKN-resistant tomato cultivars or rootstocks carry the same resistance gene, Mi-1. This lack of diversity in resistance has led to the emergence of virulent RKN populations breaking tomato Mi-1 resistance. Here, we identified and characterized a virulent population of Meloidogyne incognita from a high tunnel in Indiana. The M. incognita population was confirmed as being able to infect and reproduce on two resistant tomato cultivars, Better Boy and Early Girl, carrying the Mi-1 gene, under a controlled environment at 24 °C. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a virulent M. incognita population breaking Mi-1 resistance in Indiana. Virulent M. incognita populations overcoming Mi-1 resistance were previously reported in California and Georgia in the US. This work emphasizes the importance of regularly monitoring RKN population virulence to sustainably manage the pest.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Insect Pest Management)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Morphological and Physiological Responses of Weigela florida ‘Eva Rathke’ to Biostimulants and Growth Promoters
by
Dezső Kovács, Katalin Horotán, László Orlóci, Marianna Makádi, István Dániel Mosonyi, Magdolna Sütöri-Diószegi and Szilvia Kisvarga
Horticulturae 2024, 10(6), 582; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10060582 - 3 Jun 2024
Abstract
Ornamental horticulture and breeding, as well as urban landscape architecture, are facing increasing challenges driven by an intensely changing climate and urbanisation. The expansion of cities should be combined with an overall growth of green spaces, where ornamental plant species and cultivars will
[...] Read more.
Ornamental horticulture and breeding, as well as urban landscape architecture, are facing increasing challenges driven by an intensely changing climate and urbanisation. The expansion of cities should be combined with an overall growth of green spaces, where ornamental plant species and cultivars will have to withstand a diverse range of environmental conditions, whereby they are often exposed to multiple stress factors. One of the most widely used ornamental shrub species Weigela florida ‘Eva Rathke’ was treated with the growth promoters Bistep with humic and fulvic acid, Kelpak® seaweed extract, and Yeald Plus with a high zinc content to test their applicability in a plant nursery. Bistep decreased the physiological parameters (the transpiration rate by 60%, the evapotranspiration rate by 56.5%, and the proline stress enzyme content level by 82.2%), indicating the stress level of the treated plants. The activity of β-glucosidase decreased with all growth-promoting treatments (11.5% for Kelpak and 9.5% for Yeald Plus), as did β-glucosaminidase (22.1% for Kelpak and 9.8% for Yeald Plus), but Bistep treatment reduced the activity of the enzymes less (9.9% for β-glucosidase and 3.3% for β-glucosaminidase). The measured alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity increased with treatment (by 10.7% for Kelpak, 11.7% for Yeald Plus, and 12.63% for Bistep). Based on the results, it was concluded that Bistep and Yeald Plus may be suitable for use in the studied variety, whereas Kelpak® may not be suggested in plant nurseries for growing W. florida ‘Eva Rathke’ plants.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Plant Growth Regulators in Ornamental Plants)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Invertase Genes: Genome-Wide Identification and Expression in Response to Abiotic Stresses and Phytohormones
by
Olga K. Anisimova, Anna V. Shchennikova, Elena Z. Kochieva and Mikhail A. Filyushin
Horticulturae 2024, 10(6), 581; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10060581 - 3 Jun 2024
Abstract
Invertases are involved in plant growth, development, and stress adaptation; however, invertase-encoding genes have not yet been reported in Allium species. In this study, we identified 23 invertase izogenes in garlic (Allium sativum L.): 11 encoding putative neutral/alkaline (AsN/AINV1–11) and
[...] Read more.
Invertases are involved in plant growth, development, and stress adaptation; however, invertase-encoding genes have not yet been reported in Allium species. In this study, we identified 23 invertase izogenes in garlic (Allium sativum L.): 11 encoding putative neutral/alkaline (AsN/AINV1–11) and 12 acid (6 cell-wall—AsCWINV1–6 and 6 vacuolar—AsVINV1–6) enzymes. Among them, AsN/AINV1, 3, 8–10, AsCWINV2–5, and AsVINV2–6 showed significant transcription in garlic organs (roots, bulbs, pseudostems, leaves, sprouts, and reproductive parts) in a tissue-specific manner, whereas the AsN/AINV4–6, 11, AsCWINV1, 6, and AsVINV1 genes had weak or no detectable expression. Gene promoters contained nine, nine, and sixteen hormone-, stress-, and light-responsive cis-regulatory elements, respectively, and fifteen sites related to transcription factor binding and plant development. Expression analysis revealed that 12 invertase genes strongly transcribed in the roots of A. sativum cv. Ershuizao showed differential expression in the roots and leaves of A. sativum cv. Sarmat exposed to abiotic stresses (low temperature, high salinity, and drought) and phytohormones (abscisic acid and methyl jasmonate), which was significantly correlated with glucose, fructose, and sucrose contents. Our results should further functional analysis of invertases from Allium crops and contribute to the breeding of stress-tolerant varieties.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Genetics, Genomics, Breeding, and Biotechnology (G2B2))
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Changes in Fatty Acid Profiles in Seeds of Camellia oleifera Treated by Mycorrhizal Fungi and Glomalin
by
Wei-Jia Wu, Ying-Ning Zou, Zhi-Yan Xiao, Fang-Ling Wang, Abeer Hashem, Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah and Qiang-Sheng Wu
Horticulturae 2024, 10(6), 580; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10060580 - 2 Jun 2024
Abstract
Camellia oleifera is an important oilseed forest tree, but it is unknown whether and how inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, as well as spraying easily extractable glomalin-related soil protein (EG), regulates the fatty acid profile in seeds of this species. This study explored
[...] Read more.
Camellia oleifera is an important oilseed forest tree, but it is unknown whether and how inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, as well as spraying easily extractable glomalin-related soil protein (EG), regulates the fatty acid profile in seeds of this species. This study explored how inoculation with Rhizophagus intraradices (800 g inoculum/tree) and spraying EG (2.5 L/tree, four times in total, once a week) modulated the fatty acid profile for potential nutritional qualities in the seeds of 20-year-old C. oleifera. Spraying exogenous EG significantly increased fruit transverse diameter, longitudinal diameter, fruit weight, number of seeds, and seed weight but had no significant effect on the root mycorrhizal colonization rate. Inoculation with R. intraradices had no significant effect on these fruit traits but significantly boosted the root mycorrhizal colonization rate. A total of 11 saturated fatty acids and 12 unsaturated fatty acids were detected from the seeds, with the unsaturated fatty acids consisting primarily of C18:1N-12, C18:1N-9C, and C18:2-N6. Spraying exogenous EG significantly increased the levels of major unsaturated fatty acid components such as C18:1N-12, C18:1N-9C, C18:1N-7, and C18:2N-6 by 140.6%, 59.7%, 97.6%, and 60.6%, respectively, while decreasing the level of C16:0. Inoculation with R. intraradices only decreased the levels of C16:0 and C18:0, while increased the level of C18:2N-6. Both treatments increased the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids in total fatty acids, resulting in an increase in the unsaturation index of fatty acids. In addition, inoculation with R. intraradices significantly up-regulated the expression of CoFAD2, spraying exogenous EG significantly increased the expression of CoSAD, CoFAD2, and CoFAD3, and both treatments also significantly suppressed the expression of CoFAE. These findings suggested that exogenous EG as a biostimulant, is more suitable to regulate the nutritional values of fatty acids in seeds of 20-year-old C. oleifera.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Propagation and Seeds)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Reduced Root Volume at Establishment, Canopy Growth and Fruit Production in ‘Lapins’/‘Colt’ and ‘Regina’/‘Gisela 12’ Sweet Cherry Trees
by
José Antonio Yuri, Daniela Simeone, Mauricio Fuentes, Álvaro Sepúlveda, Miguel Palma, Mariana Moya and Javier Sánchez-Contreras
Horticulturae 2024, 10(6), 579; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10060579 - 2 Jun 2024
Abstract
The success of establishing fruit orchards has traditionally been attributed to the vigor of the nursery plant used. This study aimed to evaluate the post-transplant survival, canopy growth and fruit productivity of two sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars (‘Lapins’/‘Colt’ and ‘Regina’/‘Gisela
[...] Read more.
The success of establishing fruit orchards has traditionally been attributed to the vigor of the nursery plant used. This study aimed to evaluate the post-transplant survival, canopy growth and fruit productivity of two sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars (‘Lapins’/‘Colt’ and ‘Regina’/‘Gisela 12’) with different radicular basal volumes of 100%, 50% and 25% and nursery plant types: (i) bare root (BR) or (ii) bagged (B). The initial stem diameter of the plants ranged from 12 to 19 mm, and their height ranged from 1.4 to 1.8 m. Plants grafted onto ‘Colt’ rootstock exhibited twice the initial root volume compared to those grafted onto ‘Gisela 12’. Evaluations were carried out in three commercial orchards during three seasons in the Central Valley of Chile. The results indicated that root volume and nursery type did not affect plant survival and productivity. For ‘Regina’/‘Gisela 12’, only the bag treatment resulted in less trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA) and shoot length, and for ‘Lapins’/‘Colt’, the BR25 treatment showed a lower initial TCSA than other treatments, although without a negative effect on yield. Hence, the presumption about the influence of root volume and plant type on the successful establishment of a sweet cherry on ‘Colt’ and ‘Gisela 12’ rootstock can be discarded. The survival, growth and precocity of the orchard depend more on post-planting conditions and water management than on the number or type of nursery plant roots. It is important to prioritize proper post-planting care and water management for optimal orchard health.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Biotic and Abiotic Stress)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessReview
Diverse Flowering Response to Blue Light Manipulation: Application of Electric Lighting in Controlled-Environment Plant Production
by
Yun Kong and Youbin Zheng
Horticulturae 2024, 10(6), 578; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10060578 - 2 Jun 2024
Abstract
Blue light is an important light wavelength in regulating plant flowering. In a controlled environment (CE) plant production systems, blue light can be manipulated easily and even precisely through electric lighting, especially with the advancement of light-emitted diode (LED) technologies. However, the results
[...] Read more.
Blue light is an important light wavelength in regulating plant flowering. In a controlled environment (CE) plant production systems, blue light can be manipulated easily and even precisely through electric lighting, especially with the advancement of light-emitted diode (LED) technologies. However, the results of previous studies in the literature about blue-light-mediated flowering are inconsistent, which would limit its practical application in CE plant production while implying that an in-depth study of the relevant physiological mechanism is necessary in the future. This review consolidates and analyzes the diverse findings from previous studies on blue light-mediated plant flowering in varying high-value crops from ornamental plants to fruits, vegetables, and specialty crops. By synthesizing the contrasting results, we proposed the possible explanations and even the underlying mechanisms related to blue light intensity and exposure duration, its co-action with other light wavelengths, background environment conditions, and the involved photoreceptors. We have also identified the knowledge gaps based on these studies and outlined future directions for research and potential application in this promising field. This review provides valuable insights into the important and diverse role of blue light in plant flowering and offers a foundation for further investigations to optimize plant flowering through lighting technologies.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue LED Lighting to Control Plants’ Growth and Development)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Do Climate Conditions Affect the Quality of the Apiaceae Fruits’ Essential Oils?
by
Biljana Lončar, Lato Pezo, Milada Pezo, Aca Jovanović, Danijela Šuput, Miloš Radosavljević and Milica Aćimović
Horticulturae 2024, 10(6), 577; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10060577 - 1 Jun 2024
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of climate conditions on the quality of essential oils extracted from Apiaceae fruits, specifically coriander (Coriandrum sativum var. microcarpum), aniseed (Pimpinella anisum), and annual caraway (Carum carvi var. annuum) grown at three
[...] Read more.
This study investigated the impact of climate conditions on the quality of essential oils extracted from Apiaceae fruits, specifically coriander (Coriandrum sativum var. microcarpum), aniseed (Pimpinella anisum), and annual caraway (Carum carvi var. annuum) grown at three distinct locations in Serbia over three consecutive years. Field experiments were conducted, and essential oils were extracted using a Clevenger-type apparatus followed by gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric analysis for compound identification. Weather conditions during the vegetation periods were recorded, and statistical analyses, including principal component analysis (PCA) and correlation analysis, were performed to assess the volatile compound compositions. Results indicate significant correlations among various compounds within each fruit type, with distinct patterns observed across different years. PCA further elucidates the influence of both year and sampling location on the chemical profiles of essential oils. Cluster analysis reveals clustering primarily based on the year of cultivation rather than geographical location, emphasizing the dominant role of weather conditions in shaping essential oil compositions. This study highlights the intricate relationship between climate conditions and the quality of essential oils in Apiaceae fruits, providing valuable insights for optimizing cultivation practices and enhancing essential oil production. In general, climate conditions strongly influence the coriander, anise, and annual caraway cultivation, and also essential oil quality.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Insights into the Phenology of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Improving Water Use Efficiency, Yield, and Fruit Quality of Crimson Seedless Grapevines under Drought Stress
by
Mohamed E. A. El-Sayed, Amr A. Hammam, Ahmed S. K. Fayed, Nazih Y. Rebouh and Rasha M. Badr Eldin
Horticulturae 2024, 10(6), 576; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10060576 (registering DOI) - 1 Jun 2024
Abstract
Drought stress is a group of abiotic stresses that affects plant growth and yield production. A field experiment over two successive seasons (2021–2022 and 2022–2023) in sand soil was conducted to investigate the integration effect of deficit irrigation, soil amendment “hundzsoil”, and the
[...] Read more.
Drought stress is a group of abiotic stresses that affects plant growth and yield production. A field experiment over two successive seasons (2021–2022 and 2022–2023) in sand soil was conducted to investigate the integration effect of deficit irrigation, soil amendment “hundzsoil”, and the spraying of proline on the water use efficiency (WUE), yield, and fruit quality of 8-year-old Crimson seedless table grapes. Four application rates of soil amendment (0, 2, 4, and 6 kg hundzsoil /vine) were added during the dormancy period, and four irrigation levels at 125, 100, 75, and 60% of the field capacity were applied just before flowering until harvest. Proline at two levels (0 and 500 ppm) was applied as a foliar spray. Parameters such as bud fertility, weight of 100 berries, juice volume, and cluster number were positively affected by irrigation at 75% FC along with applying hundzsoil at 2 and 4 kg/vine under proline spray in both seasons. Irrigation at the 125% FC level with a 6 kg hundzsoil application under proline spray resulted in the highest yield, berries number, cluster length, cluster weight, and total anthocyanin in both seasons. The TSS/acidity ratio was significantly and positively affected by deficit irrigation (60% FC level) under hundzsoil at a rate of 4 kg alongside proline spray. Reducing irrigation to 60% FC without hundzsoil and proline spray negatively affected numerous growth parameters and the yield. However, irrigation at 60% FC alongside 6 kg of hundzsoil and proline showed the highest IWUE in both seasons. Proline spray was a key factor in conserving water used for irrigation. This study recommends using deficit irrigation alongside hundzsoil application under proline spray as an adequate strategy for water use efficiency and improving the yield and fruit quality of Crimson seedless grapevines cultivated in sand soil.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Horticultural Crop Physiological Responses under Biotic and Abiotic Stress)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
The Application of Micro- and Nano-Sized Zinc Oxide Particles Differently Triggers Seed Germination in Ocimum basilicum L., Lactuca sativa L., and Lepidium sativum L. under Controlled Conditions
by
Matteo Caser, Nicolò Maria Percivalle and Valentina Cauda
Horticulturae 2024, 10(6), 575; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10060575 - 31 May 2024
Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) particles have recently received attention in different agriculture sectors as new technologies and practices are entering into force with limited adverse effects on the environment. However, various works have reported both positive or negative effects on plants. The present study
[...] Read more.
Zinc oxide (ZnO) particles have recently received attention in different agriculture sectors as new technologies and practices are entering into force with limited adverse effects on the environment. However, various works have reported both positive or negative effects on plants. The present study focused on an evaluation of the effects of four different new micro- and nano-sized ZnO particles (namely, Desert Roses (DRs), MultiPods (MPs), NanoFlakes (NFs), and NanoParticles (NPs)) on the seed germination traits of Ocimum basilicum L., Lactuca sativa L., and Lepidium sativum L. ZnO particles were applied at concentrations of 12.5 ppm, 25 ppm, and 50 ppm. Seeds moistened with deionized water were used as a control. All the particles were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, and their production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) under seed germination conditions was evaluated through electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Seeds of each species were put on filter paper under controlled conditions in both dark and light photoperiods. In this bioassay, the final germination percentage (FGP), early root length, and index of germination were evaluated. The results showed a wide variability of response to the type and concentration of ZnO particles and to the applied photoperiod of the three studied species. O. basilicum FGP increased when treated with NPs and DRs already at the lowest concentration and especially in light conditions with values significantly superior to those of the control (71.1%, 69.4%, and 52.2%, respectively). At higher concentrations, phytotoxicity on root length was observed, with a reduction of circa 30% in comparison to untreated seeds. On the contrary, in L. sativum, a phytotoxic effect was seen in radicle length with all the used ZnO particles and concentrations. L. sativa seeds did not show significant effects due to the type of particles, with a reduction in FGP only at higher concentrations and particularly in light conditions. Upon light irradiation, different levels of ROS were counted by the application of ZnO particles. DRs produced the highest amount of DMPO-OH adduct (up to 2.7 × 10−5 M) followed by the NP type (2.0 × 10−5 M). Taking together all these findings, the seeds’ coat morphology, their ability to absorb ZnO particles, and the ROS production in light conditions are indeed crucial players in the application of these formulations in seed germination.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Protected Culture)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Comparative Growth and Bacoside Production in Diploid and Tetraploid Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. Cultivated Indoors via Hydroponic and Soil Culture Systems
by
Phithak Inthima and Kanyaratt Supaibulwatana
Horticulturae 2024, 10(6), 574; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10060574 - 31 May 2024
Abstract
Bacopa monnieri, a cognitive-enhancing herb crucial in health supplements, faces quality variations and contamination by toxic substances in conventional field cultivation, which hinders industrial use. Here, indoor cultivation of diploid (2x) and tetraploid (4x) B. monnieri using hydroponic and soil systems
[...] Read more.
Bacopa monnieri, a cognitive-enhancing herb crucial in health supplements, faces quality variations and contamination by toxic substances in conventional field cultivation, which hinders industrial use. Here, indoor cultivation of diploid (2x) and tetraploid (4x) B. monnieri using hydroponic and soil systems was studied. Soil cultivation promoted longer shoot lengths but resulted in lower biomass and chlorophyll contents compared to hydroponic cultivation. Conversely, soil cultivation significantly elevated total phenolics, total triterpenoids, bacoside A3, and bacopaside X contents in both lines, showing 1.7- to 3.3-fold increases over hydroponic cultivation. Furthermore, 4x plants grown in soil had higher bacopaside II and total bacoside contents than hydroponically grown plants, with 2- and 1.5-fold increases, respectively. Yet, no significant differences were observed in growth and pigment between 2x and 4x lines under the same system. Similarly, no significant differences in bioactive compound productions were found between 2x and 4x hydroponically grown plants. However, in soil, 4x plants exhibited higher total phenolic content, bacopaside II, and total bacoside contents compared to 2x plants. Interestingly, 2x plants grown in soil were the top performers for bacoside production per plant. These findings optimize cultivation practices to meet industry demands, warranting further research into large-scale production techniques.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Medicinals, Herbs, and Specialty Crops)
Open AccessArticle
Elucidation of Shoot and Root Growth, Physiological Responses, and Quality Traits of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicon L.) Exposed to Elevated Calcium Carbonate Concentrations
by
Naveedullah Sediqui, Mohammad Wasif Amin, Niamatullah Dawlatzai, Gulbuddin Gulab, Dawlat Shah Poyesh, Naoki Terada, Atsushi Sanada, Atsushi Kamata and Kaihei Koshio
Horticulturae 2024, 10(6), 573; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10060573 - 31 May 2024
Abstract
The excess presence of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in soil poses challenges for production of horticultural crops, including tomatoes. This condition is prevalent in arid and semi-arid regions of Afghanistan. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of elevated
[...] Read more.
The excess presence of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in soil poses challenges for production of horticultural crops, including tomatoes. This condition is prevalent in arid and semi-arid regions of Afghanistan. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of elevated concentrations of CaCO3 on growth, physiology, and quality attributes of tomato. Seedlings were exposed to different concentrations of CaCO3 (0%, 2.5%, 5%, 10%, and 20% w/w) in soil. The results showed that elevated concentrations of CaCO3 (10% and 20%) significantly increased soil electrical conductivity (EC) and pH, and subsequently affected growth, physiology, and quality of tomato. CaCO3 effects resulted in an increase in leaf electrolyte leakage, leaf calcium content, root respiration rate, root ethylene production, fruit firmness, total soluble solids, ascorbic acid, and organic acids, as well as a decrease in plant height, leaf length, leaf magnesium content, leaf SPAD value, number of leaves per plant, root weight and length, and root activity. At higher concentrations, CaCO3 decreased number of flowers and fruit per plant, as well as fruit weight and diameter, consequently affecting yield production. Although elevated concentrations of CaCO3 is characteristic of soils in Afghanistan, limited information is available about this topic. These findings enhance our understanding of soil conditions in the country and provide valuable insights for farmers.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Fruit Production Systems)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Non-Destructive Testing of the Internal Quality of Korla Fragrant Pears Based on Dielectric Properties
by
Yurong Tang, Hong Zhang, Qing Liang, Yifan Xia, Jikai Che and Yang Liu
Horticulturae 2024, 10(6), 572; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10060572 - 30 May 2024
Abstract
This study provides a method for the rapid, non-destructive testing of the internal quality of Korla fragrant pears. The dielectric constant (ε′) and dielectric loss factor (ε″) of pear samples were tested at 100 frequency points (range = 0.1–26.5 GHz) using a vector
[...] Read more.
This study provides a method for the rapid, non-destructive testing of the internal quality of Korla fragrant pears. The dielectric constant (ε′) and dielectric loss factor (ε″) of pear samples were tested at 100 frequency points (range = 0.1–26.5 GHz) using a vector network analyzer and coaxial probe. The variations in the dielectric parameters of fragrant pears were analyzed. The linear relationships between the dielectric parameters and internal quality were explored. Internal quality prediction models for Korla fragrant pears were built using partial least squares regression (PLSR), support vector regression (SVR) and particle swarm optimization–least squares support vector regression (PSO-LSSVR). The optimal model was then determined. There was a weak correlation between the dielectric parameters and soluble solid content (SSC) under a single frequency. The model based on PLSR and using ε′ as a variable predicted hardness the best, while the model based on PLSR using ε″ as a variable predicted SSC the best. Its R and MSE values were 0.77 and 0.073 in hardness prediction, respectively, and 0.91 and 0.087 in SSC prediction. This study provides a new method for the non-destructive online testing of the internal quality of Korla fragrant pears.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advancements in Postharvest Fruit Quality and Physiological Mechanism)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Identification, Classification, and Expression Analysis of Leucine-Rich Repeat Extensin Genes from Brassica rapa Reveals Salt and Osmosis Stress Response Genes
by
Jiyun Hui, Meiqi Zhang, Luhan Chen, Yuexin Wang, Jiawei He, Jingjing Zhang, Ruolan Wang, Qiwei Jiang, Bingcan Lv and Yunyun Cao
Horticulturae 2024, 10(6), 571; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10060571 - 30 May 2024
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat extensin (LRX) is involved in the regulation of crucial cellular processes, such as cell wall growth and development, as well as signaling. However, the presence of the LRX gene family in Brassica rapa (B. rapa) has not
[...] Read more.
Leucine-rich repeat extensin (LRX) is involved in the regulation of crucial cellular processes, such as cell wall growth and development, as well as signaling. However, the presence of the LRX gene family in Brassica rapa (B. rapa) has not been previously reported. This study identified 17 BrLRXs within the Brassica rapa genome by bioinformatic analysis, and these genes were distributed on seven chromosomes. Phylogenetic and covariance analyses indicate that BrLRXs can be categorized into two distinct branches: the trophic branch and the reproductive branch, with a close relationship observed between BrLRXs and AtLRXs. According to cis-acting element analysis, this gene family is rich in hormone-responsive and stress-responsive elements such as drought-inducibility, abscisic acid, methyl jasmonate, and gibberellic acid responsive elements, suggesting a potential role in abiotic stress response. Transcriptomic, proteomic, and RT-qPCR analyses demonstrated significant up-regulation of BrLRX2 and BrLRX6 under salt stress, while BrLRX3, BrLRX6, and BrLRX8 were significantly down-regulated under osmotic stress. Our analysis of the protein tertiary structure predicts a strong association between LRX proteins and RALF. Protein–protein interaction prediction revealed that LRX interacts with the RALF protein and the receptor FER, which have been previously reported to jointly regulate plant stress responses. We propose that BrLRX6 and BrLRX8 are implicated in osmotic stress, while BrLRX2 and BrLRX6 are involved in the modulation of salt stress.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Studies in Abiotic Stress Response Mechanism of Horticultural Plants)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Journal Menu
► ▼ Journal Menu-
- Horticulturae Home
- Aims & Scope
- Editorial Board
- Reviewer Board
- Topical Advisory Panel
- Instructions for Authors
- Special Issues
- Topics
- Sections & Collections
- Article Processing Charge
- Indexing & Archiving
- Editor’s Choice Articles
- Most Cited & Viewed
- Journal Statistics
- Journal History
- Journal Awards
- Society Collaborations
- Conferences
- Editorial Office
Journal Browser
► ▼ Journal BrowserHighly Accessed Articles
Latest Books
E-Mail Alert
News
Topics
Topic in
Agronomy, Beverages, Fermentation, Horticulturae, Plants
Grapevine Facing Climate Change: From Land, through Plants to Grapes and Wine
Topic Editors: Othmane Merah, Ana Fernandes De Oliveira, Daniela Satta, Mario Cunha, Jesus Yuste, Jalloul BouajilaDeadline: 30 June 2024
Topic in
Agriculture, Agronomy, Forests, Gastronomy, Grasses, Horticulturae, Sustainability
Mediterranean Biodiversity
Topic Editors: Luigi De Bellis, Genuario Belmonte, Massimiliano Renna, Elena Ciani, Monica Marilena Miazzi, Andrea PieroniDeadline: 15 September 2024
Topic in
Agronomy, Horticulturae, IJPB, Life, Plants
Effects of Climate Change on Viticulture (Grape)
Topic Editors: Arif Atak, Andreia Figueiredo, Inmaculada Pascual, Fermin MoralesDeadline: 31 December 2024
Topic in
Agronomy, Crops, Forests, Horticulturae, Plants
Plants Nutrients, 2nd Volume
Topic Editors: Georgia Ntatsi, Maurizio BadianiDeadline: 31 January 2025
Conferences
Special Issues
Special Issue in
Horticulturae
Factors Affecting the Quality and Shelf Life of Horticultural Crops
Guest Editor: Mohammad Zahirul IslamDeadline: 20 June 2024
Special Issue in
Horticulturae
Genetics and Molecular Breeding of Fruit Tree Species
Guest Editors: Stefano La Malfa, Stefania BenniciDeadline: 30 June 2024
Special Issue in
Horticulturae
Use and Management of Artificial Light in Horticultural Plants
Guest Editors: Hao Wei, Byoung Ryong Jeong, Jiangtao HuDeadline: 20 July 2024
Special Issue in
Horticulturae
Innovative System for Disinfection in Greenhouses
Guest Editor: Bandte MartinaDeadline: 30 July 2024
Topical Collections
Topical Collection in
Horticulturae
Postharvest Handling of Horticultural Crops
Collection Editors: Maria Dulce Carlos Antunes, Custódia Maria Luís Gago, Adriana Guerreiro
Topical Collection in
Horticulturae
New Challenges in Productivity of Berry Fruits
Collection Editors: Christopher M. Menzel, Anita Sønsteby
Topical Collection in
Horticulturae
New Advances in Fruit Quality: Pre-harvest Techniques and Postharvest Management
Collection Editors: Alessio Allegra, Giuseppe Sortino
Topical Collection in
Horticulturae
Recent Advances in Hydroponic and Aquaponic Research
Collection Editor: Michael Timmons