Comparative investigations on the incorporation of biogenic Fe products into anaerobic granular sludge of different sources: Fe loading capacity, physicochemical properties, microbial community and long-term methanogenesis performance.

Anaerobic granular sludge (AGS) has been regarded as the core of lots of advanced anaerobic reactors. Formation of biogenic Fe products and their incorporation into AGS could influence interspecies electron transfer and methanogenesis performance. In this study, with anaerobic granular sludge (AGS) from different sources (brewery, chemical plant, paper mill, citric acid factory, and food factory) as the research targets, the formation of biogenic iron products in AGS through the biologically induced mineralization process was studied. Furthermore, the influences of physicochemical properties and microbial community on methanogenesis were investigated. Results showed that all the AGS of different sources possessed the capacity to form biogenic Fe products through dissimilatory iron-reduction process, and diverse Fe minerals including magnetite (Fe 3 O 4), hematite (Fe 2 O 3), goethite (FeOOH), siderite (FeCO 3) and wustite (FeO) were incorporated into AGS. The AGS loaded with Fe minerals (Fe-AGS) showed increased conductivity, magnetism and zeta-potential comparing to the control. Those Fe-AGS of different sources demonstrated different methanogenesis performance during the long-term operation (50 days). Methane production was increased for the Fe-AGS of citric acid (6.99–32.50%), food (8.33–37.46%), chemical (2.81–7.22%) and brewery plants (2.27–2.81%), but decreased for the Fe-AGS of paper mill (54.81–72.2%). The changes of microbial community and microbial correlations in AGS as a response to Fe minerals incorporation were investigated. For the Fe-AGS samples with enhanced methane production capability, it was widely to find the enriched populations of fermentative and dissimilatory iron reducing bacteria Clostridium_sensu_stricto_6 , Bacteroidetes_vadinHA17 and acetoclastic methanogens Methanosaeta , and positive correlations between them. This study provides comprehensive understanding on the effects of incorporation biogenic Fe products on AGS from different sources. [Display omitted] • Fe mineral could be incorporated into AGS from various sources through BIM process. • Fe products in AGS were mainly magnetite, hematite, siderite, goethite and wustite. • Biogenic Fe products improved the long-term methanogenesis capacity for most AGS. • Fermentative bacteria and acetoclastic methanogen were enriched in most Fe-loaded AGS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]