[Urology before illustration. From the Urology of the Royal College of Cadiz to that of the "veneranda" gathering].

The study of the urological activity in the Andalusian occident is contained in the printed and handwritten "Observations" of the records of the Royal Society of Medicine of Seville and the Royal College of Surgery of Cadiz. They encompass the period from 1693 to the first third of the 18th century. By the first of October 1701, the "Veneranda" gathering consolidates and Philip V gives the "royal warrant". The "Royal Society of Medicine and Other Sciences of Seville" starts its medical-surgical path. It should be reminded that all the Andalusian surgery and specially the one from Cadiz (through the Royal College of Surgeons) was present in the Royal Society. Ordoñez de la Barrera, Sánchez Bernal, Fray Ambrosio de Guibeville, Juan Lacombe, Pedro Virgili and many others were founders of this extraordinary event. Surgical training and, by extension, urological training had their root and basement in the anatomical amphitheaters (Seville 1731 and Cadiz 1728), which were considered ungodly by the Church. José Celestino Mutis (1750-53) and Pedro Fernandez Castilla (1741) excluded the university from this new movement. There was and intense relationship between Navy surgeons and the Royal Society, being members since its foundation: Guibeville (1719); Sánchez Bernal (1719); Gregorio Arias (1729); Gaspar de Pellicer (1729); Lacombe (1730); Fernández Castilla (1741); Calero (1789). The main protagonist was Luis Montero, real paradigm with projection to the next century, having a neat French influence altogether with Ramos, both of them being Beaumond's alumni (an anatomist of recognized prestige).