Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate induces production of inflammatory molecules in human macrophages.
In: Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.], Jg. 61 (2012), Heft 1, S. 69-78
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Zugriff:
Objective and Design: To investigate whether di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) affects the production of inflammatory cytokines by human macrophages.
Materials and Methods: Differentiated macrophage-like THP-1 cells were exposed to 200 μM DEHP for 3 h, followed by incubation in the presence or absence of opsonized zymosan A, and the concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8, and IL-6 in the culture media were determined by ELISA. DNA microarray and quantitative real-time RT-PCR analyses were performed to identify genes that showed changes in expression in response to DEHP.
Results: DEHP treatment increased the concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8, and IL-6 in the media, regardless of whether the cells phagocytosed zymosan. DNA microarray analysis showed that DEHP increased the levels of expression of IL-8, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL6, CCL3, MMP3, MMP10, MMP14, and CSF2 mRNA, and real-time RT-PCR showed that DEHP significantly enhanced the levels of expression of IL-8, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL6, CCL3, MMP10, CSF2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 mRNA in THP-1 cells. DEHP significantly induced translocation of p65 NF-κB into the nucleus.
Conclusion: DEHP enhances the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by macrophages, and exacerbates their inflammatory response.
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Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate induces production of inflammatory molecules in human macrophages.
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Autor/in / Beteiligte Person: | Nishioka, J ; Iwahara, C ; Kawasaki, M ; Yoshizaki, F ; Nakayama, H ; Takamori, K ; Ogawa, H ; Iwabuchi, K |
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Zeitschrift: | Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.], Jg. 61 (2012), Heft 1, S. 69-78 |
Veröffentlichung: | Basel, Switzerland : Birkhäuser, c1995-, 2012 |
Medientyp: | academicJournal |
ISSN: | 1420-908X (electronic) |
DOI: | 10.1007/s00011-011-0390-x |
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