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In the United States (US), immigrants constitute a considerable and growing proportion of the general population. Compared to the US-born, immigrants have differential health risks, and it is unclear if environmental exposures contribute. In this work, we estimated disparities between immigrants and the US-born in fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) exposure and attributable premature mortality, including by region of origin and time since immigration. With PM 2.5 estimates from a validated model at ~1 km 2 spatial resolution and residential Census tract population data, we calculated the annual area-weighted average PM 2.5 exposure for immigrants overall, the US-born, and immigrants separately by geographic region of origin and time since immigration. We then calculated the premature mortality attributed to PM 2.5 for each population group, assessing disparities by immigrant status in PM 2.5 exposure and attributable premature mortality in the US as a whole and in each US county to evevaluate spatial heterogeneity. Overall, immigrants were exposed to slightly higher PM 2.5 (0.36 μg/m 3 , 3.8%) than the US-born. This exposure difference translates to 2.11 more premature deaths attributable to PM 2.5 per 100,000 in population for immigrants compared to the US-born in 2010. Immigrant - US-born disparities in PM 2.5 and attributable premature mortality were more severe among immigrants originating from Asia, Africa, and Latin America than those from Europe, Oceania, and North America. Disparities between immigrant groups by time since immigration were comparatively small. Sensitivity analyses using 2000 data and a non-linear set of PM 2.5 attributable mortality coefficients identified similar patterns. Our findings suggest that environmental exposure disparities, such as in PM 2.5 , may contribute to immigrant health disparities in the US.

Titel:	Do fine particulate air pollution (PM <subscript>2.5</subscript> ) exposure and its attributable premature mortality differ for immigrants compared to those born in the United States?
Autor/in / Beteiligte Person:	Fong, KC ; Bell, ML
Zeitschrift:	Environmental research, Jg. 196 (2021-05-01), S. 110387
Veröffentlichung:	<2000- > : Amsterdam : Elsevier ; <i>Original Publication</i>: New York, Academic Press., 2021
Medientyp:	academicJournal
ISSN:	1096-0953 (electronic)
DOI:	10.1016/j.envres.2020.110387
Schlagwort:	Africa Asia Environmental Exposure analysis Environmental Exposure statistics & numerical data Europe Humans Mortality, Premature trends North America Particulate Matter analysis United States epidemiology Air Pollutants analysis Air Pollutants toxicity Air Pollution analysis Air Pollution statistics & numerical data Emigrants and Immigrants
Sonstiges:	Nachgewiesen in: MEDLINE Sprachen: English Publication Type: Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. Language: English [Environ Res] 2021 May; Vol. 196, pp. 110387. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2020 Oct 28. MeSH Terms: Air Pollutants* / analysis ; Air Pollutants* / toxicity ; Air Pollution* / analysis ; Air Pollution* / statistics & numerical data ; Emigrants and Immigrants* ; Africa ; Asia ; Environmental Exposure / analysis ; Environmental Exposure / statistics & numerical data ; Europe ; Humans ; Mortality, Premature / trends ; North America ; Particulate Matter / analysis ; United States / epidemiology References: Health Place. 2008 Dec;14(4):623-35. (PMID: 18242116) ; N Engl J Med. 2017 Oct 12;377(15):1498-9. (PMID: 29020593) ; Environ Sci Technol. 2019 Dec 3;53(23):14010-14019. (PMID: 31746196) ; Sci Total Environ. 2020 Jun 1;719:137349. (PMID: 32114225) ; Curr Environ Health Rep. 2017 Sep;4(3):349-354. (PMID: 28812286) ; Am J Public Health. 2001 Mar;91(3):392-9. (PMID: 11236403) ; Hum Biol. 2002 Feb;74(1):83-109. (PMID: 11931581) ; MMWR Suppl. 2014 Oct 31;63(4):3-27. (PMID: 25356673) ; PLoS One. 2012;7(5):e37177. (PMID: 22615929) ; Int J Epidemiol. 2020 Feb 1;49(1):25-35. (PMID: 31289812) ; Health Rep. 2017 Mar 15;28(3):9-16. (PMID: 28295129) ; J Nutr Gerontol Geriatr. 2012;31(1):16-37. (PMID: 22335438) ; Can J Public Health. 2004 May-Jun;95(3):I14-21. (PMID: 15191127) ; J Immigr Minor Health. 2019 Feb;21(1):47-55. (PMID: 29468517) ; Curr Probl Cardiol. 2015 May;40(5):207-38. (PMID: 25882781) ; Environ Health Insights. 2008 Sep 23;1:45-50. (PMID: 21572847) ; J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2017 Mar;27(2):221-226. (PMID: 27168392) ; Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2019 Dec 23;51-52(51-52):881-886. (PMID: 31941576) ; Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2020 Jan;27(1):798-811. (PMID: 31811609) ; Curr Environ Health Rep. 2015 Dec;2(4):440-50. (PMID: 26381684) ; Int J Epidemiol. 2006 Aug;35(4):903-19. (PMID: 16709619) ; Demography. 2016 Aug;53(4):1109-34. (PMID: 27383845) ; Soc Sci Res. 2015 Nov;54:50-67. (PMID: 26463534) ; Race Soc Probl. 2019 Mar;11(1):60-67. (PMID: 31440306) ; Environ Res. 2018 Nov;167:506-514. (PMID: 30142626) ; Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2018 Mar 24;18(4):21. (PMID: 29574493) ; Circulation. 2018 Apr 17;137(16):1688-1697. (PMID: 29237717) ; Environ Health Perspect. 2012 Jul;120(7):965-70. (PMID: 22456598) ; Environ Health Perspect. 2017 Sep 06;125(9):097003. (PMID: 28934094) ; Health Rep. 2020 Jun 17;31(3):14-26. (PMID: 32644760) ; Environ Health Perspect. 2019 Jul;127(7):77007. (PMID: 31339350) ; ScientificWorldJournal. 2013 Oct 27;2013:512313. (PMID: 24288488) ; Am J Epidemiol. 2017 Oct 15;186(8):961-969. (PMID: 28541385) ; Circulation. 2010 Jun 1;121(21):2331-78. (PMID: 20458016) ; Risk Anal. 2011 Jun;31(6):984-99. (PMID: 21231941) ; Air Qual Atmos Health. 2016;9(8):961-972. (PMID: 27867428) ; Res Rep Health Eff Inst. 2009 May;(140):5-114; discussion 115-36. (PMID: 19627030) ; J Immigr Health. 2000 Apr;2(2):97-111. (PMID: 16228737) ; Lancet. 2017 May 13;389(10082):1907-1918. (PMID: 28408086) ; Environ Sci Technol. 2019 Mar 5;53(5):2595-2611. (PMID: 30698001) Grant Information: R01 MD012769 United States MD NIMHD NIH HHS; R835871 United States EPA EPA Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Air pollution; Environmental justice; Health disparity; Immigrant health; PM2.5 Substance Nomenclature: 0 (Air Pollutants) ; 0 (Particulate Matter) Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20201101 Date Completed: 20210603 Latest Revision: 20240401 Update Code: 20240401 PubMed Central ID: PMC8079555

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Do fine particulate air pollution (PM <subscript>2.5</subscript> ) exposure and its attributable premature mortality differ for immigrants compared to those born in the United States?