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Brain fog can be described as a constellation of new-onset neuropsychiatric sequelae in the post-acute phase of COVID-19 (long COVID). The symptoms include inattention, short-term memory loss, and reduced mental acuity, which may undermine cognition, concentration, and sleep. This cognitive impairment, persisting for weeks or months after the acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection, can significantly impact on daily activities and the quality of life. An important role for the complement system (C) in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 has emerged since the beginning of pandemic outbreak. A number of pathophysiological characteristics including microangiopathy and myocarditis have been attributed to dysregulated C activation due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Mannan-binding lectin (MBL), the first recognition subcomponent of the C lectin pathway, has been shown to bind to glycosylated SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, genetic variants of MBL2 are suggested to have an association with severe COVID-19 manifestations requiring hospitalization. In the present study, we evaluated MBL activity (lectin pathway activation) and levels in the sera of a cohort of COVID-19 patients, presenting brain fog or only hyposmia/hypogeusia as persistent symptoms, and compared them with healthy volunteers. We found significantly lower levels of MBL and lectin pathway activity in the sera of patients experiencing brain fog as compared to recovered COVID-19 patients without brain fog. Our data indicate that long COVID-associated brain fog can be listed among the variegate manifestations of increased susceptibility to infections and diseases contributed by MBL deficiency.

Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Titel:	A likely association between low mannan-binding lectin level and brain fog onset in long COVID patients.
Autor/in / Beteiligte Person:	Bulla, R ; Rossi, L ; Furlanis, G ; Agostinis, C ; Toffoli, M ; Balduit, A ; Mangogna, A ; Liccari, M ; Morosini, G ; Kishore, U ; Manganotti, P
Link:	Full Text Finder (Volltext)
Zeitschrift:	Frontiers in immunology, Jg. 14 (2023-06-16), S. 1191083
Veröffentlichung:	[Lausanne : Frontiers Research Foundation], 2023
Medientyp:	academicJournal
ISSN:	1664-3224 (electronic)
DOI:	10.3389/fimmu.2023.1191083
Schlagwort:	Humans Brain Lectins Quality of Life SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 complications Mannose-Binding Lectin genetics Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome complications Mental Fatigue etiology
Sonstiges:	Nachgewiesen in: MEDLINE Sprachen: English Publication Type: Journal Article Language: English [Front Immunol] 2023 Jun 16; Vol. 14, pp. 1191083. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2023 Jun 16 (<i>Print Publication: </i>2023). MeSH Terms: COVID-19* / complications ; Mannose-Binding Lectin* / genetics ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome* / complications ; Mental Fatigue* / etiology ; Humans ; Brain ; Lectins ; Quality of Life ; SARS-CoV-2 References: Front Immunol. 2021 Nov 17;12:775168. (PMID: 34868042) ; Kidney Int. 2020 Aug;98(2):314-322. (PMID: 32461141) ; BMJ. 2020 Jul 14;370:m2815. (PMID: 32665317) ; J Nucl Med. 2021 Jul 1;62(7):910-915. (PMID: 33789937) ; Chin J Physiol. 2023 Jan-Feb;66(1):1-13. (PMID: 36814151) ; Front Physiol. 2013 Apr 05;4:63. (PMID: 23576989) ; J Infect Dis. 2005 Oct 15;192(8):1355-61. (PMID: 16170752) ; Nat Rev Immunol. 2022 Feb;22(2):77-84. (PMID: 34912108) ; Mol Immunol. 2003 Sep;40(2-4):73-84. (PMID: 12914814) ; J Neurovirol. 2020 Aug;26(4):605-606. (PMID: 32529516) ; Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2021 Aug;48(9):2823-2833. (PMID: 33501506) ; Hypertension. 2015 Aug;66(2):340-6. (PMID: 26056332) ; Immunol Lett. 2007 Jan 15;108(1):34-44. (PMID: 17157924) ; J Infect Public Health. 2022 Aug;15(8):856-869. (PMID: 35785594) ; J Neurol Sci. 2022 Mar 15;434:120162. (PMID: 35121209) ; Cells. 2023 Mar 06;12(5):. (PMID: 36899952) ; J Infect Dis. 2003 Nov 1;188(9):1394-403. (PMID: 14593599) ; SN Compr Clin Med. 2023;5(1):9. (PMID: 36466122) ; Acta Neuropathol Commun. 2023 Mar 13;11(1):42. (PMID: 36915214) ; Nature. 2017 Jan 26;541(7638):481-487. (PMID: 28099414) ; J Med Virol. 2021 Feb;93(2):766-774. (PMID: 32662899) ; J Rheumatol. 2000 Jan;27(1):26-34. (PMID: 10648014) ; Alzheimers Res Ther. 2020 Dec 30;12(1):170. (PMID: 33380345) ; Mol Immunol. 2014 Oct;61(2):110-7. (PMID: 25037634) ; Thorax. 2021 Apr;76(4):396-398. (PMID: 33172844) ; J Clin Pharm Ther. 2006 Apr;31(2):129-38. (PMID: 16635046) ; Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2021 May;8(5):1073-1085. (PMID: 33755344) ; Front Immunol. 2020 Jul 08;11:1024. (PMID: 32733433) ; Clin Immunol. 2014 Sep;154(1):13-25. (PMID: 24928325) ; Mil Med Res. 2022 Dec 20;9(1):72. (PMID: 36539855) ; Ther Adv Chronic Dis. 2022 Feb 17;13:20406223221076890. (PMID: 35198136) ; Arthritis Rheum. 1995 Jan;38(1):110-4. (PMID: 7818559) ; J Neurol Sci. 2022 Oct 15;441:120355. (PMID: 35994869) ; Brain. 2021 May 7;144(4):1263-1276. (PMID: 33822001) ; Immunity. 2017 Jun 20;46(6):957-967. (PMID: 28636962) ; Brain Behav Immun. 2022 Mar;101:93-135. (PMID: 34973396) ; Front Cell Neurosci. 2014 Nov 07;8:380. (PMID: 25426028) ; Med Sci Monit. 2021 Feb 26;27:e931447. (PMID: 33633106) ; Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2021 Apr;133(7-8):377-382. (PMID: 33242148) ; Front Immunol. 2018 Apr 13;9:754. (PMID: 29706967) ; Infect Dis (Lond). 2021 Oct;53(10):737-754. (PMID: 34024217) ; Neurology. 2020 Aug 25;95(8):e1060-e1070. (PMID: 32482845) ; Nat Immunol. 2022 Jun;23(6):861-864. (PMID: 35624204) ; Sci Rep. 2023 Apr 10;13(1):5808. (PMID: 37037833) ; Clin Infect Dis. 2014 Nov 15;59(10):1429-36. (PMID: 25170052) ; Inflammation. 2015 Feb;38(1):338-47. (PMID: 25323207) ; Biomedicines. 2021 Aug 12;9(8):. (PMID: 34440207) ; Nat Med. 2022 Aug;28(8):1706-1714. (PMID: 35879616) ; J Biol Chem. 2004 May 14;279(20):21302-11. (PMID: 14764589) ; Eur J Immunol. 2021 Jul;51(7):1652-1659. (PMID: 33738806) ; Nat Immunol. 2022 Feb;23(2):275-286. (PMID: 35102342) ; J Neurol. 2022 Jul;269(7):3400-3412. (PMID: 35249144) ; Eur J Neurol. 2022 Nov;29(11):3358-3367. (PMID: 35837806) ; Front Neurosci. 2015 Jul 03;9:225. (PMID: 26190965) ; J Neurol. 2021 Sep;268(9):3059-3071. (PMID: 33486564) ; Mol Cell Biochem. 2021 Aug;476(8):2917-2942. (PMID: 33745077) ; J Immunol. 1995 Sep 15;155(6):3013-20. (PMID: 7673719) ; Front Med (Lausanne). 2023 Mar 31;10:1011936. (PMID: 37064029) ; Sci Rep. 2021 Aug 9;11(1):16144. (PMID: 34373540) ; Pharmacol Res Perspect. 2022 Feb;10(1):e00911. (PMID: 35029046) ; Int J Gen Med. 2021 Jun 14;14:2491-2506. (PMID: 34163217) ; J Integr Neurosci. 2022 Apr 6;21(3):77. (PMID: 35633158) ; J Health Serv Psychol. 2022;48(1):31-38. (PMID: 35128461) ; Biol Proced Online. 2020 Aug 4;22:19. (PMID: 32774178) Contributed Indexing: Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; brain fog; complement system; long covid; mannan-binding lectin (MBL) Substance Nomenclature: 0 (Lectins) ; 0 (Mannose-Binding Lectin) ; 0 (MBL2 protein, human) ; 0 (spike protein, SARS-CoV-2) Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20230703 Date Completed: 20230710 Latest Revision: 20230710 Update Code: 20240514 PubMed Central ID: PMC10312368

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A likely association between low mannan-binding lectin level and brain fog onset in long COVID patients.