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Purpose: To examine risks of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in preterm and early term birth survivors, and potential sex-specific differences.

Methods: A national cohort study was conducted of all 4061,795 singletons born in Sweden in 1973-2013 who survived infancy, followed up for ADHD identified from nationwide diagnoses and medications through 2018. Poisson regression was used to compute prevalence ratios (PRs), adjusting for sociodemographic and perinatal factors. Co-sibling analyses assessed for confounding by unmeasured shared familial (genetic or environmental) factors.

Results: ADHD prevalences by gestational age at birth were 12.1% for extremely preterm (22-27 weeks), 7.0% for moderately preterm (28-33 weeks), 5.7% for late preterm (34-36 weeks), 6.1% for all preterm (<37 weeks), 5.2% for early term (37-38 weeks), and 4.5% for full-term (39-41 weeks). Adjusted PRs comparing extremely preterm, all preterm, or early term versus full-term, respectively, were 2.35 (95% CI, 2.15-2.57), 1.28 (1.25-1.31), and 1.12 (1.10-1.13) among males, and 2.46 (2.17-2.78), 1.24 (1.20-1.28), and 1.08 (1.06-1.10) among females (P < .001 for each). These associations were virtually unchanged after controlling for shared familial factors. Both spontaneous and medically indicated preterm birth were associated with ADHD (adjusted PRs, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.18-1.24; and 1.39; 1.34-1.43, respectively).

Conclusions: In this large cohort, preterm and early term birth were associated with increased risks of ADHD in males and females, independently of covariates and shared familial factors.

Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Casey Crump reports financial support was provided by National Heart Lung and Blood Institute. Kristina Sundquist reports financial support was provided by National Heart Lung and Blood Institute.

Titel:	Preterm or early term birth and risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a national cohort and co-sibling study.
Autor/in / Beteiligte Person:	Crump, C ; Sundquist, J ; Sundquist, K
Zeitschrift:	Annals of epidemiology, Jg. 86 (2023-10-01), S. 119-125.e4
Veröffentlichung:	New York, NY : Elsevier, c1990-, 2023
Medientyp:	academicJournal
ISSN:	1873-2585 (electronic)
DOI:	10.1016/j.annepidem.2023.08.007
Schlagwort:	Male Female Pregnancy Humans Infant, Newborn Infant Cohort Studies Term Birth Siblings Sweden epidemiology Risk Factors Prevalence Premature Birth epidemiology Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity epidemiology
Sonstiges:	Nachgewiesen in: MEDLINE Sprachen: English Publication Type: Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Language: English [Ann Epidemiol] 2023 Oct; Vol. 86, pp. 119-125.e4. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2023 Aug 28. MeSH Terms: Premature Birth* / epidemiology ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity* / epidemiology ; Male ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant ; Cohort Studies ; Term Birth ; Siblings ; Sweden / epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Prevalence References: BMC Med. 2012 Sep 04;10:99. (PMID: 22947230) ; Clin Perinatol. 2013 Dec;40(4):601-10. (PMID: 24182950) ; Br J Psychiatry. 2013 Aug;203(2):103-6. (PMID: 23703314) ; Lancet Glob Health. 2019 Jan;7(1):e37-e46. (PMID: 30389451) ; Acta Paediatr. 2022 Aug;111(8):1546-1555. (PMID: 35485179) ; Epidemiology. 2013 Mar;24(2):270-6. (PMID: 23337240) ; Pediatrics. 2018 Jan;141(1):. (PMID: 29255083) ; J Neurosci. 2013 Jan 9;33(2):411-23. (PMID: 23303921) ; J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2011 Mar;50(3):283-92. (PMID: 21334568) ; Lancet Psychiatry. 2018 Feb;5(2):175-186. (PMID: 29033005) ; J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2007 Jul;13(4):571-81. (PMID: 17521479) ; Pediatrics. 2015 Sep;136(3):e599-608. (PMID: 26304830) ; J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2003 Jan;44(1):88-106. (PMID: 12553414) ; Am J Psychiatry. 2011 Nov;168(11):1154-63. (PMID: 21865529) ; Lancet Neurol. 2009 Nov;8(11):1042-55. (PMID: 19800293) ; Int J Epidemiol. 2019 Dec 1;48(6):2039-2049. (PMID: 31006012) ; Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Sep 20;108(38):15667-8. (PMID: 21890794) ; Diabetologia. 2020 Mar;63(3):508-518. (PMID: 31802143) ; JAMA Pediatr. 2019 Aug 01;173(8):736-743. (PMID: 31157896) ; Acta Paediatr. 2007 Sep;96(9):1269-74. (PMID: 17718779) ; Pediatrics. 2021 Sep;148(3):. (PMID: 34380775) ; BMJ. 2014 Aug 01;349:g4860. (PMID: 25085466) ; JAMA. 2019 Oct 22;322(16):1580-1588. (PMID: 31638681) ; JAMA Pediatr. 2018 Aug 1;172(8):749-756. (PMID: 29946656) ; Semin Perinatol. 2016 Dec;40(8):497-509. (PMID: 27865437) ; Biol Psychiatry. 2012 Mar 1;71(5):474-81. (PMID: 22200325) ; Eur Heart J. 2020 Apr 21;41(16):1542-1550. (PMID: 31872206) ; JAMA Psychiatry. 2013 Nov;70(11):1231-40. (PMID: 24068297) ; BMC Psychiatry. 2013 Nov 09;13:298. (PMID: 24206839) ; J Atten Disord. 2018 Jan;22(1):3-13. (PMID: 25376193) ; Neurology. 2011 Oct 4;77(14):1376-82. (PMID: 21968843) ; Expert Rev Neurother. 2016;16(2):145-56. (PMID: 26651394) ; Pediatrics. 2011 May;127(5):858-65. (PMID: 21502231) ; Pediatrics. 2015 Apr;135(4):e994-1001. (PMID: 25733754) ; Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2019 Jun;3(6):408-417. (PMID: 30956154) ; Psychiatr Genet. 2019 Jun;29(3):63-78. (PMID: 30741787) ; J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1996 Sep;35(9):1213-26. (PMID: 8824065) ; Neural Netw. 2006 Nov;19(9):1422-9. (PMID: 17059879) ; Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2021 Mar;30(3):347-358. (PMID: 32242248) ; Dev Neuropsychol. 2011;36(1):57-73. (PMID: 21253991) Grant Information: R01 HL139536 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Attention deficit disorder; Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder; Gestational age; Prematurity; Preterm birth Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20230830 Date Completed: 20230929 Latest Revision: 20231009 Update Code: 20231215 PubMed Central ID: PMC10538375

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Preterm or early term birth and risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a national cohort and co-sibling study.