Einzeltreffer — DigiBib

Background: A large proportion of patients with eating disorders (ED) report experiences of childhood trauma. Latent trajectory analysis in ED samples reveals the complexities in course and outcome and can explore the long-term impact of adverse experiences in childhood.

Method: A total of 84 patients with longstanding ED were included. ED symptoms were assessed by the Eating Disorder Examination interview at discharge from inpatient treatment, and at 1-, 2-, 5-, and 17-year follow-up, respectively. Change over time was examined using growth mixture modeling, allowing the number of trajectories to emerge through the data. Prevalence of childhood trauma was assessed, and its relation to class membership was tested.

Results: We identified four distinct classes: patients with (a) a continuous improvement in the entire follow-up period, and scores within normal range at the end, "continuous improvement" (54.8%); (b) a high symptom level at baseline and moderate decrease over time, "high and declining" (22.6%); (c) initial ED scores below clinical cut-off and stable symptoms throughout the course, "consistently low" (14.3%); and (d) with high scores initially, and a significant increase in symptoms over time, "high and increasing" (8.3%). A history of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) was overrepresented in classes with persistently high symptom levels and poor long-term outcome DISCUSSION: Patients with longstanding ED displayed considerable diversity in trajectories of symptom change across 17 years. To improve long-term outcome, enhanced treatment of sequelae from CSA seems essential.

Public Significance: Patients with longstanding eating disorders displayed four different trajectories of change in a 17-year follow-up study. Although there were significant changes over time, the majority of patients remained within similar symptom levels as they presented with at discharge from inpatient treatment. Exposure to childhood maltreatment was common within the sample. Childhood sexual abuse predicted poor long-term outcome, which highlights the importance of trauma informed care.

Titel:	Childhood trauma and outcome trajectories in patients with longstanding eating disorders across 17 years.
Autor/in / Beteiligte Person:	Eielsen, HP ; Ulvenes, P ; Hoffart, A ; Rø, Ø ; Rosenvinge, JH ; Vrabel, K
Link:	Full Text Finder (Volltext)
Zeitschrift:	The International journal of eating disorders, Jg. 57 (2024), Heft 1, S. 81-92
Veröffentlichung:	<2005-> : Hoboken, NJ : Wiley ; <i>Original Publication</i>: [New York, N.Y. : Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., c1981-, 2024
Medientyp:	academicJournal
ISSN:	1098-108X (electronic)
DOI:	10.1002/eat.24067
Schlagwort:	Humans Follow-Up Studies Hospitalization Patient Discharge Adverse Childhood Experiences Feeding and Eating Disorders diagnosis Feeding and Eating Disorders therapy
Sonstiges:	Nachgewiesen in: MEDLINE Sprachen: English Publication Type: Journal Article Language: English [Int J Eat Disord] 2024 Jan; Vol. 57 (1), pp. 81-92. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2023 Oct 27. MeSH Terms: Adverse Childhood Experiences* ; Feeding and Eating Disorders* / diagnosis ; Feeding and Eating Disorders* / therapy ; Humans ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hospitalization ; Patient Discharge References: Afifi, T. O., Sareen, J., Fortier, J., Taillieu, T., Turner, S., Cheung, K., & Henriksen, C. A. (2017). Child maltreatment and eating disorders among men and women in adulthood: Results from a nationally representative United States sample. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 50(11), 1281-1296. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.22783. ; American Psychiatric Association (APA). (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5). American Psychiatric Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596. ; Arata, C. M., Langhinrichsen-Rohling, J., Bowers, D., & O'Farrill-Swails, L. (2005). Single versus multi-type maltreatment: An examination of the long-term effects of child abuse. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 11(4), 29-52. https://doi.org/10.1300/J146v11n04_02. ; Asparouhov, T. & Muthén, B. (2022, March 8). Multiple imputation with Mplus, version 4. https://www.statmodel.com/download/Imputations7.pdf. ; Austin, A., Flynn, M., Richards, K. L., Sharpe, H., Allen, K. L., Mountford, V. A., Glennon, D., Grant, N., Brown, A., Mahoney, K., Serpell, L., Brady, G., Nunes, N., Connan, F., Franklin-Smith, M., Schelhase, M., Jones, W. R., Breen, G., & Schmidt, U. (2021). Early weight gain trajectories in first episode anorexia: Predictors of outcome for emerging adults in outpatient treatment. Journal of Eating Disorders, 9, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40337-021-00448-y. ; Bardone-Cone, A. M., Harney, M. B., Maldonado, C. R., Lawson, M. A., Robinson, P., Smith, R., & Tosh, A. (2010). Defining recovery from an eating disorder: Conceptualization, validation, and examination of psychosocial functioning and psychiatric comorbidity. Behavior Research and Therapy, 48(3), 194-202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.001. ; Bauer, D. J., & Curran, P. J. (2003). Overextraction of latent trajectory classes: Much ado about nothing? Reply to Rindskopf (2003), Muthén (2003), and Cudeck and Henly (2003). Psychological Methods, 8, 384-393. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.8.3.384. ; Bauer, D. J., & Curran, P. J. (2014). Latent curve modeling. Curran-Bauer Analytics. ; Becker, D. F., & Grilo, C. M. (2011). Childhood maltreatment in women with binge-eating disorder: Associations with psychiatric comorbidity, psychological functioning, and eating pathology. Eating and Weight Disorders, 16(2), e113-e120. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03325316. ; Bernstein, D. P., & Fink, L. (1998). Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Psychological Corportation. ; Brewerton, T. D., Gavidia, I., Suro, G., & Perlman, M. M. (2022). Eating disorder onset during childhood is associated with higher trauma dose, provisional PTSD, and severity of illness in residential treatment. European Eating Disorders Review, 30(3), 267-277. https://doi.org/10.1002/erv.2892. ; Caslini, M., Bartoli, F., Crocamo, C., Dakanalis, A., Clerici, M., & Carrà, G. (2016). Disentangling the association between child abuse and eating disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychosomatic Medicine, 78(1), 79-90. https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000000233. ; Castellini, G., Fioravanti, G., Lo Sauro, C. L., Rotella, F., Lelli, L., Ventura, L., Faravelli, C., & Ricca, V. (2013). Latent profile and latent transition analyses of eating disorder phenotypes in a clinical sample: A 6-year follow-up study. Psychiatry Research, 207(1-2), 92-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2012.08.035. ; Castellini, G., Lelli, L., Cassioli, E., Ciampi, E., Zamponi, F., Campone, B., Monteleone, A. M., & Ricca, V. (2018). Different outcomes, psychopathological features, and comorbidities in patients with eating disorders reporting childhood abuse: A 3-year follow-up study. European Eating Disorders Review, 26(3), 217-229. https://doi.org/10.1002/erv.2586. ; Chen, L. P., Murad, M. H., Paras, M. L., Colbenson, K. M., Sattler, A. L., Goranson, E. N., Elamin, M. B., Seime, R. J., Shinozaki, G., Prokop, L. J., & Zirakzadeh, A. (2010). Sexual abuse and lifetime diagnosis of psychiatric disorders: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 85(7), 618-629. https://doi.org/10.4065/mcp.2009.0583. ; Clausen, L., Rokkedal, K., & Rosenvinge, J. H. (2009). Validating the eating disorder inventory (EDI-2) in two danish samples: A comparison between female eating disorder patients and females from the general population. European Eating Disorders Review, 17(6), 462-467. https://doi.org/10.1002/erv.945. ; Crow, S. J., Swanson, S. A., Peterson, C. B., Crosby, R. D., Wonderlich, S. A., & Mitchell, J. E. (2012). Latent class analysis of eating disorders: Relationship to mortality. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 121(1), 225-231. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024455. ; de Vos, J. A., Radstaak, M., Bohlmeijer, E. T., & Westerhof, G. J. (2023). Modelling trajectories of change in psychopathology and well-being during eating disorder outpatient treatment. Psychotherapy Research, 33(4), 415-427. ; Dovran, A., Winje, D., Øverland, S. N., Breivik, K., Arefjord, K., Dalsbø, A. S., Jentoft, M. B., Hansen, A. L., & Waage, L. (2013). Psychometric properties of the Norwegian version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire in high-risk groups. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 54(4), 286-291. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.12052. ; Eddy, K. T., Tabri, N., Thomas, J. J., Murray, H. B., Keshaviah, A., Hastings, E., Edkins, K., Meera, K., Herzog, D. B., Keel, P. K., & Franko, D. L. (2017). Recovery from anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa at 22-year follow-up. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 78(2), 184-189. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.15m10393. ; Eielsen, H. P., Vrabel, K., Hoffart, A., Rø, Ø., & Rosenvinge, J. H. (2021). The 17-year outcome of 62 adult patients with longstanding eating disorders-A prospective study. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 54(5), 841-850. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.23495. ; Espel-Huynh, H. M., Zhang, F., Boswell, J. F., Thomas, J. G., Thompson-Brenner, H., Juarascio, A. S., & Lowe, M. R. (2020). Latent trajectories of eating disorder treatment response among female patients in residential care. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 53(10), 1647-1656. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.23369. ; Fairburn, C. G. (2008). Cognitive behavior therapy and eating disorders. Guilford Press. ; Fairburn, C. G., & Beglin, S. J. (1994). Assessment of eating disorders: Interview or self-report questionnaire? International Journal of Eating Disorders, 16(4), 363-370. https://doi.org/10.1002/1098-108X(199412)16:4<363::AID-EAT2260160405>3.0.CO;2-%23. ; Fairweather-Schmidt, A. K., & Wade, T. D. (2016). Characterizing and predicting trajectories of disordered eating over adolescence. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 125(3), 369-380. https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000146. ; Finkelhor, D., Ormrod, R. K., & Turner, H. A. (2007). Poly-victimization: A neglected component in child victimization. Child Abuse & Neglect, 31(1), 7-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2006.06.008. ; Forrest, L. N., Grilo, C. M., & Udo, T. (2021). Suicide attempts among people with eating disorders and adverse childhood experiences: Results from a nationally representative sample of adults. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 54(3), 326-335. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.23457. ; Garner, D. M., Olmstead, M. P., & Polivy, J. (1983). Development and validation of a multidimensional eating disorder inventory for anorexia nervosa and bulimia. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 2(2), 15-34. https://doi.org/10.1002/1098-108X(198321)2:2%3C15::AID-EAT2260020203%3E3.0.CO;2-6. ; Gilbert, R., Widom, C. S., Browne, K., Fergusson, D., Webb, E., & Janson, S. (2009). Burden and consequences of child maltreatment in high-income countries. The Lancet, 373(9657), 68-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61706-7. ; Hazzard, V. M., Bauer, K. W., Mukherjee, B., Miller, A. L., & Sonneville, K. R. (2019). Associations between childhood maltreatment latent classes and eating disorder symptoms in a nationally representative sample of young adults in the United States. Child Abuse & Neglect, 98, 104171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104171. ; Herzog, D. B., Dorer, D. J., Keel, P. K., Selwyn, S. E., Ekeblad, E. R., Flores, A. T., Greenwood, D. N., Burwell, R. A., & Keller, M. B. (1999). Recovery and relapse in anorexia and bulimia nervosa: A 7.5-year follow-up study. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 38(7), 829-837. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199907000-00012. ; Hilbert, A., Herpertz, S., Zipfel, S., Tuschen-Caffier, B., Friederich, H. C., Mayr, A., Crosby, R. D., & de Zwaan, M. (2019). Early change trajectories in cognitive-behavioral therapy for binge-eating disorder. Behavior Therapy, 50(1), 115-125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2018.03.013. ; Irons, C., & Gilbert, P. (2005). Evolved mechanisms in adolescent anxiety and depression symptoms: The role of the attachment and social rank systems. Journal of Adolescence, 28(3), 325-341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2004.07.004. ; Jung, T., & Wickrama, K. A. (2008). An introduction to latent class growth analysis and growth mixture modeling. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2(1), 302-317. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2007.00054.x. ; Kimber, M., McTavish, J. R., Couturier, J., Boven, A., Gill, S., Dimitropoulos, G., & MacMillan, H. L. (2017). Consequences of child emotional abuse, emotional neglect and exposure to intimate partner violence for eating disorders: A systematic critical review. BMC Psychology, 5(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-017-0202-3. ; Kopland, M. C., Vrabel, K., Melsom, L., Hoffart, A., & Johnson, S. U. (2023). Self-compassion in eating disorders and childhood trauma: A study of within-person effects in a randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy Research, 33(5), 640-653. https://doi.org/10.1080/10503307.2022.2149363. ; Lau, A. S., Leeb, R. T., English, D., Graham, J. C., Briggs, E. C., Brody, K. E., & Marshall, J. M. (2005). What's in a name? A comparison of methods for classifying predominant type of maltreatment. Child Abuse & Neglect, 29(5), 533-551. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2003.05.005. ; Lebow, J., Sim, L., Crosby, R. D., Goldschmidt, A. B., Le Grange, D., & Accurso, E. C. (2019). Weight gain trajectories during outpatient family-based treatment for adolescents with anorexia nervosa. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 52(1), 88-94. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.23000. ; Madowitz, J., Matheson, B. E., & Liang, J. (2015). The relationship between eating disorders and sexual trauma. Eating and Weight Disorders, 20, 281-293. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-015-0195-y. ; Mahon, J., Bradley, S. N., Harvey, P. K., Winston, A. P., & Palmer, R. L. (2001). Childhood trauma has dose-effect relationship with dropping out from psychotherapeutic treatment for bulimia nervosa: A replication. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 30(2), 138-148. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.1066. ; Makhzoumi, S. H., Coughlin, J. W., Schreyer, C. C., Redgrave, G. W., Pitts, S. C., & Guarda, A. S. (2017). Weight gain trajectories in hospital-based treatment of anorexia nervosa. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 50(3), 266-274. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.22679. ; Melchior, H., Schulz, H., Kriston, L., Hergert, A., Hofreuter-Gätgens, K., Bergelt, C., Morfeld, M., Koch, U., & Watzke, B. (2016). Symptom change trajectories during inpatient psychotherapy in routine care and their associations with long-term outcomes. Psychiatry Research, 238, 228-235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2016.02.046. ; Molendijk, M., Hoek, H., Brewerton, T., & Elzinga, B. (2017). Childhood maltreatment and eating disorder pathology: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Psychological Medicine, 47(8), 1402-1416. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291716003561. ; Montourcy, M., Hardouin, J. B., Caillon, J., Leboucher, J., Rousselet, M., Grall-Bronnec, M., & Challet-Bouju, G. (2018). Typology of patients with behavioral addictions or eating disorders during a one-year period of care: Exploring similarities of trajectory using growth mixture modeling coupled with latent class analysis. PLoS One, 13(11), e0207398. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0207398. ; Moulton, S. J., Newman, E., Power, K., Swanson, V., & Day, K. (2015). Childhood trauma and eating psychopathology: A mediating role for dissociation and emotion dysregulation? Child Abuse & Neglect, 39, 167-174. ; Muthén, B. (2004). Latent variable analysis: Growth mixture modeling and related techniques for longitudinal data. In D. Kaplan (Ed.), Handbook of quantitative methodology for the social sciences (pp. 345-368). Sage. ; Nagin, D. S., & Odgers, C. L. (2010). Group-based trajectory modeling in clinical research. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 6, 109-138. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131413. ; Nylund-Gibson, K., & Choi, A. Y. (2018). Ten frequently asked questions about latent class analysis. Translational Issues in Psychological Science, 4(4), 440-461. https://doi.org/10.1037/tps0000176. ; Nylund-Gibson, K., Grimm, R. P., & Masyn, K. E. (2019). Prediction from latent classes: A demonstration of different approaches to include distal outcomes in mixture models. Structural Equation Modeling, 26(6), 967-985. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705511.2019.1590146. ; Olofsson, M. E., Oddli, H. W., Hoffart, A., Eielsen, H. P., & Vrabel, K. R. (2020). Change processes related to long-term outcomes in eating disorders with childhood trauma: An explorative qualitative study. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 67(1), 51-65. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000375. ; Peterson, C. B., Crosby, R. D., Wonderlich, S. A., Mitchell, J. E., Crow, S. J., & Engel, S. (2013). Predicting group cognitive-behavioral therapy outcome of binge eating disorder using empirical classification. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 51(9), 526-532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2013.05.001. ; Presseller, E. K., Lampe, E. W., Michael, M. L., Trainor, C., Fan, S. C., & Juarascio, A. S. (2022). Latent trajectories of symptom change during cognitive-behavior therapy predict post-treatment worsening of symptoms: A preliminary examination among outpatients with bulimia-spectrum eating disorders. Eating and Weight Disorders, 27, 2257-2264. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-021-01348-5. ; Raudenbush, S. W., & Bryk, A. S. (2002). Hierarchical linear models: Applications and data analysis methods (Vol. 1). Sage Publications. ; Reas, D. L., Wisting, L., Kapstad, H., & Lask, B. (2011). Convergent validity of the eating disorder examination and the eating disorder examination-questionnaire among university women in Norway. European Eating Disorders Review, 19(4), 357-361. https://doi.org/10.1002/erv.1068. ; Reyes-Rodríguez, M. L., Von Holle, A., Ulman, T. F., Thornton, L. M., Klump, K. L., Brandt, H., Crawford, S., Fichter, M. M., Halmi, K. A., Huber, T., Johnson, C., Jones, I., Kaplan, A. S., Mitchell, J. E., Strober, M., Treasure, J., Woodside, D. B., Berrettini, W. H., Kaye, W. H., & Bulik, C. M. (2011). Post traumatic stress disorder in anorexia nervosa. Psychosomatic Medicine, 73(6), 491-497. https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0b013e31822232bb. ; Rienecke, R. D., Johnson, C., Le Grange, D., Manwaring, J., Mehler, P. S., Duffy, A., McClanahan, S., & Blalock, D. V. (2022). Adverse childhood experiences among adults with eating disorders: Comparison to a nationally representative sample and identification of trauma profiles. Journal of Eating Disorders, 10(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40337-022-00594-x. ; Rø, Ø., Martinsen, E. W., Hoffart, A., & Rosenvinge, J. H. (2003). Short-term follow-up of severe bulimia nervosa after inpatient treatment. European Eating Disorders Review, 11(5), 405-417. https://doi.org/10.1002/erv.533. ; Rø, Ø., Martinsen, E. W., Hoffart, A., & Rosenvinge, J. H. (2004). Short-term follow-up of adults with long standing anorexia nervosa or non-specified eating disorder after inpatient treatment. Eating and Weight Disorders, 9(1), 62-68. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03325047. ; Rø, Ø., Martinsen, E. W., Hoffart, A., Sexton, H., & Rosenvinge, J. H. (2005). Adults with chronic eating disorders. Two-year follow-up after inpatient treatment. European Eating Disorders Review, 13(4), 255-263. https://doi.org/10.1002/erv.651. ; Sanders, B., & Becker-Lausen, E. (1995). The measurement of psychological maltreatment: Early data on the child abuse and trauma scale. Child Abuse & Neglect, 19(3), 315-323. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0145-2134(94)00131-6. ; Schafer, J. L., & Graham, J. W. (2002). Missing data: Our view of the state of the art. Psychological Methods, 7(2), 147-177. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.7.2.147. ; Smolak, L., & Murnen, S. K. (2002). A meta-analytic examination of the relationship between child sexual abuse and eating disorders. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 31(2), 136-150. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.10008. ; Striegel-Moore, R. H., Dohm, F. A., Pike, K. M., Wilfley, D. E., & Fairburn, C. G. (2002). Abuse, bullying, and discrimination as risk factors for binge eating disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 159(11), 1902-1907. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.159.11.1902. ; Thoresen, S., & Øverlien, C. (2009). Trauma victim: Yes or no? Why it may be difficult to answer questions regarding violence, sexual abuse, and other traumatic events. Violence Against Women, 15(6), 699-719. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077801209332182. ; Vermunt, J. K. (2010). Latent class modeling with covariates: Two improved three-step approaches. Political Analysis, 18(4), 450-469. https://doi.org/10.1093/pan/mpq025. ; Vrabel, K. R., Hoffart, A., Rø, Ø., Martinsen, E. W., & Rosenvinge, J. H. (2010). Co-occurrence of avoidant personality disorder and child sexual abuse predicts poor outcome in long-standing eating disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 119(3), 623-629. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019857. ; Vrabel, K. R., Rosenvinge, J. H., Hoffart, A., Martinsen, E. W., & Rø, Ø. (2008). The course of illness following inpatient treatment of adults with longstanding eating disorders: A 5-year follow-up. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 41(3), 224-232. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.20485. ; Vrabel, K. R., Wampold, B., Quintana, D. S., Goss, K., Waller, G., & Hoffart, A. (2019). The modum-ED trial protocol: Comparing compassion-focused therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in treatment of eating disorders with and without childhood trauma: Protocol of a randomized trial. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1638. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01638. ; Walker, E. A., Gelfand, A., Katon, W. J., Koss, M. P., Von Korff, M., Bernstein, D., & Russo, J. (1999). Adult health status of women with histories of childhood abuse and neglect. The American Journal of Medicine, 107(4), 332-339. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9343(99)00235-1. ; Williams, S. E., Watts, T. K., & Wade, T. D. (2012). A review of the definitions of outcome used in the treatment of bulimia nervosa. Clinical Psychology Review, 32(4), 292-300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2012.01.006. ; Wolf, E. J., Miller, M. W., Reardon, A. F., Ryabchenko, K. A., Castillo, D., & Freund, R. (2012). A latent class analysis of dissociation and posttraumatic stress disorder: Evidence for a dissociative subtype. Archives of General Psychiatry, 69(7), 698-705. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.1574. ; Yuan, K. H., & Zhang, Z. (2012). Robust structural equation modeling with missing data and auxiliary variables. Psychometrika, 77(4), 803-826. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11336-012-9282-4. ; Ziobrowski, H. N., Buka, S. L., Austin, S. B., Duncan, A. E., Simone, M., Sullivan, A. J., Horton, N. J., & Field, A. E. (2021). Child and adolescent maltreatment patterns and risk of eating disorder behaviors developing in young adulthood. Child Abuse & Neglect, 120, 105225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105225. Grant Information: 4/2016 The Norwegian Women of Public Health Association Contributed Indexing: Keywords: childhood maltreatment; childhood physical abuse; childhood sexual abuse; eating disorders; growth mixture modeling; latent class analysis; long-term outcome; neglect Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20231028 Date Completed: 20240119 Latest Revision: 20240119 Update Code: 20240119

Klicken Sie ein Format an und speichern Sie dann die Daten oder geben Sie eine Empfänger-Adresse ein und lassen Sie sich per Email zusenden.

BibTeX Citavi, JabRef, u.a.
(Literaturverwaltung)

PDF kein Volltext!
(Merkzettel, Notizen)

RIS Endnote, Citavi u.a.
(Literaturverwaltung)

MODS
(XML zur Weiterverarbeitung)

oder

Wählen Sie das für Sie passende Zitationsformat und kopieren Sie es dann in die Zwischenablage, lassen es sich per Mail zusenden oder speichern es als PDF-Datei.

Gewünschter Zitations-Stil:

oder

Bitte prüfen Sie, ob die Zitation formal korrekt ist, bevor Sie sie in einer Arbeit verwenden. Benutzen Sie gegebenenfalls den "Exportieren"-Dialog, wenn Sie ein Literaturverwaltungsprogramm verwenden und die Zitat-Angaben selbst formatieren wollen.

Childhood trauma and outcome trajectories in patients with longstanding eating disorders across 17 years.