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Before the colonial period, California harboured more language variation than all of Europe, and linguistic and archaeological analyses have led to many hypotheses to explain this diversity 1 . We report genome-wide data from 79 ancient individuals from California and 40 ancient individuals from Northern Mexico dating to 7,400-200 years before present (BP). Our analyses document long-term genetic continuity between people living on the Northern Channel Islands of California and the adjacent Santa Barbara mainland coast from 7,400 years BP to modern Chumash groups represented by individuals who lived around 200 years BP. The distinctive genetic lineages that characterize present-day and ancient people from Northwest Mexico increased in frequency in Southern and Central California by 5,200 years BP, providing evidence for northward migrations that are candidates for spreading Uto-Aztecan languages before the dispersal of maize agriculture from Mexico 2-4 . Individuals from Baja California share more alleles with the earliest individual from Central California in the dataset than with later individuals from Central California, potentially reflecting an earlier linguistic substrate, whose impact on local ancestry was diluted by later migrations from inland regions 1,5 . After 1,600 years BP, ancient individuals from the Channel Islands lived in communities with effective sizes similar to those in pre-agricultural Caribbean and Patagonia, and smaller than those on the California mainland and in sampled regions of Mexico.

Titel:	Genetic continuity and change among the Indigenous peoples of California.
Autor/in / Beteiligte Person:	Nakatsuka, N ; Holguin, B ; Sedig, J ; Langenwalter PE 2nd ; Carpenter, J ; Culleton, BJ ; García-Moreno, C ; Harper, TK ; Martin, D ; Martínez-Ramírez, J ; Porcayo-Michelini, A ; Tiesler, V ; Villapando-Canchola, ME ; Valdes Herrera, A ; Callan, K ; Curtis, E ; Kearns, A ; Iliev, L ; Lawson, AM ; Mah, M ; Mallick, S ; Micco, A ; Michel, M ; Workman, JN ; Oppenheimer, J ; Qiu, L ; Zalzala, F ; Rohland, N ; Punzo Diaz, JL ; Johnson, JR ; Reich, D
Zeitschrift:	Nature, Jg. 624 (2023-12-01), Heft 7990, S. 122-129
Veröffentlichung:	Basingstoke : Nature Publishing Group ; <i>Original Publication</i>: London, Macmillan Journals ltd., 2023
Medientyp:	academicJournal
ISSN:	1476-4687 (electronic)
DOI:	10.1038/s41586-023-06771-5
Schlagwort:	Humans Agriculture history California ethnology Caribbean Region ethnology Ethnicity genetics Ethnicity history Europe ethnology History, 15th Century History, 16th Century History, 17th Century History, 18th Century History, 19th Century History, Ancient History, Medieval Human Migration history Islands Language history Mexico ethnology Zea mays Genome, Human genetics Genomics Alleles Genetic Variation genetics Indigenous Peoples genetics Indigenous Peoples history
Sonstiges:	Nachgewiesen in: MEDLINE Sprachen: English Publication Type: Journal Article Language: English [Nature] 2023 Dec; Vol. 624 (7990), pp. 122-129. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2023 Nov 22. MeSH Terms: Genetic Variation* / genetics ; Indigenous Peoples* / genetics ; Indigenous Peoples* / history ; Humans ; Agriculture / history ; California / ethnology ; Caribbean Region / ethnology ; Ethnicity / genetics ; Ethnicity / history ; Europe / ethnology ; History, 15th Century ; History, 16th Century ; History, 17th Century ; History, 18th Century ; History, 19th Century ; History, Ancient ; History, Medieval ; Human Migration / history ; Islands ; Language / history ; Mexico / ethnology ; Zea mays ; Genome, Human / genetics ; Genomics ; Alleles References: Golla, V. California Indian Languages (Univ. California Press, 2011). ; Carpenter, J. P., Sanchez, G. & Villalpando, M. E. in Traditions, Transitions, and Technologies: Themes in Southwestern Archaeology (ed. 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Grant Information: United States HHMI Howard Hughes Medical Institute; R01 HG012287 United States HG NHGRI NIH HHS; T32 GM007753 United States GM NIGMS NIH HHS Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20231122 Date Completed: 20231215 Latest Revision: 20240424 Update Code: 20240425 PubMed Central ID: PMC10872549

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Genetic continuity and change among the Indigenous peoples of California.