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Background : Scar formation after trauma and surgery involves an inflammatory response and can lead to the development of chronic pain. Neurotropin ® (NTP) is a nonprotein extract of inflamed skin of rabbits inoculated with vaccinia virus. It has been widely used for the treatment of chronic pain. However, the in vivo effects of NTP on painful scar formation have not been determined. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of NTP on the inflammatory response, we evaluated gene expression in the scar tissues and dorsal root ganglions (DRGs) of mice administered NTP and control mice. Methods and results : Mice injected with saline or NTP were used as controls; other mice were subjected to surgery on the left hind paw to induce painful scar formation, and then injected with saline or NTP. Hind paw pain was evaluated by measuring the threshold for mechanical stimulation using the von Frey test. The paw withdrawal threshold gradually returned to pre-operative levels over 4 weeks post-operation; NTP-treated mice showed a significantly shortened recovery time of approximately 3 weeks, suggesting that NTP exerted an analgesic effect in this mouse model. Total RNA was extracted from the scarred hind paw tissues and DRGs were collected 1 week post-operation for a microarray analysis. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that the expression of some gene sets related to inflammatory responses was activated or inhibited following surgery and NTP administration. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis results for several genes were consistent with the microarray results. Conclusion : The administration of NTP to the hind paws of mice with painful scar formation following surgery diminished nociceptive pain and reduced the inflammatory response. NTP inhibited the expression of some genes involved in the response to surgery-induced inflammation. Therefore, NTP is a potential therapeutic option for painful scar associated with chronic pain.

Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Titel:	Neurotropin <superscript>®</superscript> ameliorates chronic pain associated with scar formation in a mouse model: A gene expression analysis of the inflammatory response.
Autor/in / Beteiligte Person:	Zhou, X ; Iida, H ; Li, Y ; Ota, A ; Zhuo, L ; Nobuhara, R ; Terajima, Y ; Naiki, M ; Reddi, AH ; Kimata, K ; Ushida, T
Link:	Full Text Finder (Volltext)
Zeitschrift:	Molecular pain, Jg. 20 (2024), S. 17448069241245420
Veröffentlichung:	2016- : Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage Publications Inc. ; <i>Original Publication</i>: [London] : BioMed Central, 2005-, 2024
Medientyp:	academicJournal
ISSN:	1744-8069 (electronic)
DOI:	10.1177/17448069241245420
Schlagwort:	Animals Male Mice Ganglia, Spinal metabolism Ganglia, Spinal drug effects Gene Expression Profiling Gene Expression Regulation drug effects Chronic Pain drug therapy Chronic Pain etiology Cicatrix drug therapy Cicatrix pathology Disease Models, Animal Inflammation drug therapy Polysaccharides pharmacology
Sonstiges:	Nachgewiesen in: MEDLINE Sprachen: English Publication Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Language: English [Mol Pain] 2024 Jan-Dec; Vol. 20, pp. 17448069241245420. MeSH Terms: Chronic Pain* / drug therapy ; Chronic Pain* / etiology ; Cicatrix* / drug therapy ; Cicatrix* / pathology ; Disease Models, Animal* ; Inflammation* / drug therapy ; Polysaccharides* / pharmacology ; Animals ; Male ; Mice ; Ganglia, Spinal / metabolism ; Ganglia, Spinal / drug effects ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation / drug effects References: Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2014;220:193-221. (PMID: 24668474) ; Curr Opin Cell Biol. 1998 Apr;10(2):232-9. (PMID: 9561847) ; Br J Pharmacol. 1992 Nov;107(3):660-4. (PMID: 1472964) ; Arthritis Rheum. 2006 Aug;54(8):2656-64. (PMID: 16871547) ; J Pharmacol Sci. 2005 Mar;97(3):429-36. (PMID: 15764839) ; Trends Immunol. 2017 Jan;38(1):5-19. (PMID: 27793571) ; Int Anesthesiol Clin. 2007 Spring;45(2):27-37. (PMID: 17426506) ; Neuroscience. 2020 Jan 21;428:199-216. (PMID: 31918012) ; Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 1990;4(2):141-6. (PMID: 2351364) ; Eur J Neurosci. 2004 Feb;19(3):634-42. (PMID: 14984413) ; Lymphology. 1999 Sep;32(3):111-7. (PMID: 10494523) ; J Biol Chem. 2004 Aug 27;279(35):36293-8. (PMID: 15199066) ; Anesth Analg. 2008 Sep;107(3):1064-9. (PMID: 18713930) ; Anesth Analg. 2005 Sep;101(3):793-799. (PMID: 16115993) ; J Pain Res. 2022 Apr 05;15:925-937. (PMID: 35411187) ; Life Sci. 1998;62(10):913-21. (PMID: 9496714) ; J Pain Res. 2020 May 26;13:1223-1241. (PMID: 32547184) ; PLoS One. 2014 Dec 03;9(12):e114071. (PMID: 25470242) ; Biologicals. 2016 Jul;44(4):206-211. (PMID: 27233579) ; Pain Ther. 2023 Apr;12(2):461-473. (PMID: 36645650) ; J Neurosci Methods. 1994 Jul;53(1):55-63. (PMID: 7990513) ; Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2016 Jul 01;8(7):. (PMID: 27328871) ; Biomimetics (Basel). 2022 Jul 01;7(3):. (PMID: 35892357) ; Brain Res. 2002 Dec 27;958(2):338-46. (PMID: 12470870) ; Pain. 1998 May;76(1-2):167-71. (PMID: 9696470) ; Eur J Neurosci. 2005 Apr;21(8):2136-48. (PMID: 15869510) ; Mol Pain. 2014 Jan 24;10:6. (PMID: 24456903) ; J Anesth. 2006;20(3):240-2. (PMID: 16897249) ; J Orthop. 2017 Mar 20;14(2):252-256. (PMID: 28367006) ; Mol Pain. 2019 Jan-Dec;15:1744806919892389. (PMID: 31749400) ; eNeurologicalSci. 2016 Mar 16;4:4-9. (PMID: 29430541) ; Br J Anaesth. 2008 Jul;101(1):77-86. (PMID: 18434337) ; Chest. 2000 Apr;117(4):1162-72. (PMID: 10767254) ; Intern Med. 2002 Jun;41(6):498-501. (PMID: 12135188) ; Methods Mol Biol. 2012;846:1-12. (PMID: 22367796) ; Pain. 2014 Nov;155(11):2306-22. (PMID: 25168672) ; J Neuroinflammation. 2011 Sep 30;8:126. (PMID: 21958434) ; Anesthesiology. 2011 Jul;115(1):189-204. (PMID: 21602663) ; BMC Neurosci. 2016 Dec 1;17(1):80. (PMID: 27905881) ; Ann Plast Surg. 2012 Nov;69(5):565-8. (PMID: 21629054) Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Chronic pain; gene expression; inflammatory response; neurotropin®; painful scar formation Substance Nomenclature: 57657-35-9 (neurotropin) ; 0 (Polysaccharides) Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20240321 Date Completed: 20240508 Latest Revision: 20240605 Update Code: 20240606 PubMed Central ID: PMC11080750

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Neurotropin <superscript>®</superscript> ameliorates chronic pain associated with scar formation in a mouse model: A gene expression analysis of the inflammatory response.