Automating literature screening and curation with applications to computational neuroscience.

Objective: ModelDB (https://modeldb.science) is a discovery platform for computational neuroscience, containing over 1850 published model codes with standardized metadata. These codes were mainly supplied from unsolicited model author submissions, but this approach is inherently limited. For example, we estimate we have captured only around one-third of NEURON models, the most common type of models in ModelDB. To more completely characterize the state of computational neuroscience modeling work, we aim to identify works containing results derived from computational neuroscience approaches and their standardized associated metadata (eg, cell types, research topics).

Materials and Methods: Known computational neuroscience work from ModelDB and identified neuroscience work queried from PubMed were included in our study. After pre-screening with SPECTER2 (a free document embedding method), GPT-3.5, and GPT-4 were used to identify likely computational neuroscience work and relevant metadata.

Results: SPECTER2, GPT-4, and GPT-3.5 demonstrated varied but high abilities in identification of computational neuroscience work. GPT-4 achieved 96.9% accuracy and GPT-3.5 improved from 54.2% to 85.5% through instruction-tuning and Chain of Thought. GPT-4 also showed high potential in identifying relevant metadata annotations.

Discussion: Accuracy in identification and extraction might further be improved by dealing with ambiguity of what are computational elements, including more information from papers (eg, Methods section), improving prompts, etc.

Conclusion: Natural language processing and large language model techniques can be added to ModelDB to facilitate further model discovery, and will contribute to a more standardized and comprehensive framework for establishing domain-specific resources.

(© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Medical Informatics Association. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)