COVID-19 y enfermedad cardiovascular: ¿un vínculo subestimado? (Spanish)

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become an emerging pandemic, dominating the current outlook in public health. The typical clinical picture of COVID-19 encompasses flu-like symptoms; including fever predominantly dry cough, dyspnea, asthenia, odynophagia, rhinorrhea, and headache. However, some patients may also develop cardiovascular manifestations, such as acute cardiac injury, heart failure, shock, and arrhythmias, among others. The pathogeny underlying this link has not been clarified; however, SARS-CoV-2 has been observed to penetrate cells via the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, an important participant in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone systemand the regulation of the cardiovascular system. The use of angiotensin-converting enzymeinhibitors and angiotensin II receptor antagonistsmay cause upregulation of ACE2 and facilitate viral entry. COVID-19 has also been related to various forms of coagulopathy, with a tendency to favor pro-thrombotic states, increasing cardiovascular risk. The objective of this article is to explore the link between COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease, and its repercussions in clinical management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) se ha convertidoenunapandemiaemergente, dominandoelpanorama dela saludpúblicaenlaactualidad. El cuadro clínicotípicode laCOVID-19 engloba síntomas similares a la gripe, entre los cuales se encuentran fiebre, tos predominantemente seca, disnea, astenia, odinofagia, rinorrea y cefalea. Sin embargo, en algunos pacientes podrían añadirse manifestaciones cardiovasculares, como lesión cardíaca aguda, insuficiencia cardiaca, shock y arritmias, entre otras. La patogenia subyacente a este vínculo no ha sido clarificada; sin embargo, se ha observado que el SARS-CoV-2 puede penetrar en las células pormedio de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina 2, un participanteimportante enel sistemarenina angiotensinaaldosteronaylamodulacióndelsistemacardiovascular. El usodefármacos inhibidoresdelaenzimaconvertidorade angiotensina y antagonistas de los receptores de angiotensina II podría causar unaumento deACE2 y facilitar la entrada del virus. La COVID-19 también se ha relacionado con distintas formas de coagulopatías, con una tendencia a favorecer los estados pro-trombóticos, incrementandoel riesgocardiovascular. El objetivo de este artículo es explorar el vínculo entre la COVID-19 y la enfermedad cardiovascular, y sus repercusiones en el manejo clínico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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