基于质量评价的省域尺度坡耕地质量调控体系构建. (Chinese)

A slope farmland has been one of the most serious land-use types of soil and water loss, as well as the non-point source pollution. Natural conditions and unreasonable farming have also posed great damage to the ecological environment, particularly on the quality degradation of slope farmland. Therefore, it is very necessary to construct the quality control system of slope farmland in recent years. Taking sloping farmland in Yunnan province of China as a research object, a factor analysis model was first established to diagnose the quality obstacle factors of slope farmland. The types of quality obstacles were then ranked to define in each region, thereby identifying the controllable factors, the regulation priority, and objectives of slope farmland quality. The quality regulation potential of slope farmland was calculated to determine the zoning regulation mode in different regions. The results showed that: 1) The main types of quality obstacles were erosion degradation, drought, and water shortage, as well as the nutrient poverty type in the sloping farmland. There was some difference in the combination and performance of obstacle factors in different regions. 2) The adjustable factors of slope farmland quality included the thickness of arable layer, soil bulk density, pH value, organic matter, the total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, irrigation assurance rate, and field slope, among which the field slope, soil organic matter, irrigation assurance rate, available phosphorus, available potassium and pH value were the priority adjustment and control factors. The goal of quality control in the sloping farmland was to make the controllable factors in the appropriate range under various control measures. An optimal range of factors were achieved, where the thickness of plough layer ≥17.35 cm, soil organic matter ≥28.89 g/kg, soil available phosphorus ≥32.44 mg/kg, soil available potassium ≥137.81 mg/kg, irrigation assurance rate ≥73.33%, soil bulk density ≤1.31 g/cm3, field slope ≤12.87°, and pH value 6.06-8.06. 3) The objectives of quality control in the sloping farmland included the ideal and actual state. In an ideal state, the potential of quality control in the sloping farmland was 0.347, indicating an upgrade from the "medium" to the "higher" level. In the actual state, the potential of quality control in the sloping farmland was 0.198, indicating that the quality level was improved from the current "medium" to "high". The potential of actual state control was used as the standard quality control of slope farmland. 4) According to the general idea of "erosion control, water regulation, and fertility enhancement", the integrated mode of quality control in the sloping farmland was constructed as follows. The tillage modes were utilized to promote soil and water conservation, such as ridge, contour, and reverse slope tillage, as well as the conservation tillage (rotary, subsoiling, and no tillage + deep tillage) in farming measures. The water engineering slope to ladder project and high-efficiency water-saving measures can be implemented to actively promote the straw returning, green and organic fertilizer application. The soil testing and formula fertilization among soil fertility measures can be used to increase the content of soil organic matter and nutrients in the slope cultivated land. This finding can provide a scientific guide for the quality cultivation and management of regional slope farmland at a provincial scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

在质量评价基础上构建坡耕地质量调控体系对区域坡耕地质量保护具有重要指导意义. 该研究基于云南坡耕地 质量评价结果, 建立坡耕地质量因子分析模型, 在障碍因子诊断、因子可调控性分析、因子适宜区间确定及调控潜力测 算基础上, 提出区域坡耕地质量调控集成模式, 据此构建省域尺度坡耕地质量调控体系. 结果表明：1）云南坡耕地质量 障碍类型以侵蚀退化型、干旱缺水型、养分贫乏型为主, 不同分区障碍因子组合及表现存在差异. 2）坡耕地质量可调控 因子由耕层厚度、土壤容重、pH 值、有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾、灌溉保证率、田面坡度9 个指标组成, 其中, 田 面坡度、土壤有机质、灌溉保证率、有效磷、速效钾、pH 值为优先调控因子. 3）坡耕地质量调控目标是使可调控因子 处于适宜范围, 包括理想状态和实际状态两种情景模式；理想状态下云南坡耕地质量调控潜力为0.347, 其质量等级可从 现状的“中等”提升到“高”等级；实际状态下坡耕地质量调控的潜力为0.198, 其质量等级可从现状“中等”提升到“较 高”等级, 实际状态调控潜力可作为坡耕地质量调控的标准. 4）依据云南坡耕地质量障碍类型及因子可调控性分析结果, 提出“控侵蚀、调水分、培肥力”的区域坡耕地质量调控总体思路, 并建立坡耕地质量调控的集成模式. 研究可为省域 尺度坡耕地质量培育及管理提供科学依据. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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