Godina 2021. u kardiovaskularnoj medicini: zatajivanje srca i kardiomiopatije. (Bosnian)

In the year 2021, the universal definition and classification of heart failure (HF) was published that defines HF as a clinical syndrome with symptoms and/or signs caused by a cardiac abnormality and corroborated by elevated natriuretic peptide levels or objective evidence of cardiogenic congestion. This definition and the classification of HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), mildly reduced, and HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is consistent with the 2021 ESC Guidelines on HF. Among several other new recommendations, these guidelines give a Class I indication for the use of the sodium–glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors dapagliflozin and empagliflozin in HFrEF patients. As the first evidence-based treatment for HFpEF, in the EMPEROR-Preserved trial, empagliflozin reduced the composite endpoint of cardiovascular death and HF hospitalizations. Several reports in 2021 have provided novel and detailed analyses of device and medical therapy in HF, especially regarding sacubitril/valsartan, SGLT2 inhibitors, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, ferric carboxymaltose, soluble guanylate cyclase activators, and cardiac myosin activators. In patients hospitalized with COVID-19, acute HF and myocardial injury is quite frequent, whereas myocarditis and long-term damage to the heart are rather uncommon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

U 2021.godini objavljena je Univerzalna definicija i klasifikacija zatajivanja srca (HF) koja HF definira kao klinički sindrom sa simptomima i/ili znakovima koje uzrokuje poremećaj srca i potvrđen povišenim vrijednostima natrijuretskog peptida ili objektivnim pokazateljima kongestije. Ova definicija i klasifikacija HF-a sa sniženom ejekcijskom frakcijom (HFrEF), blago sniženom, i HF-a s očuvanom ejekcijskom frakcijom (HFpEF) u skladu je sa Smjernicama Europskog kardiološkog društva (ESC) za HF. Među ostalim novim preporukama, te su smjernice dale klasu I. preporuke za uporabu inhibitora natrij-glukoza kotransportera 2 (SGLT2) dafagliglozina i emfagliflozina u bolesnika s HFrEFom. Kao prva terapija utemeljena na dokazima za HFpEF, u istraživanju EMPORER-Preserved, empagliflozin je smanjio zajednički ishod kardiovaskularne smrti i hospitalizacija zbog HF-a. Više radova u 2021. godini pridonijelo je novom i cjelovitom pristupu liječenju HF-a, posebice sakubitril/valsartan, SGLT2 inhibitori, antagonisti mineralokortikosteroidnih receptora, željezove karboksimaltoze, aktivatori solubilne gvanilat ciklaze i aktivatora srčanog miozina. U bolesnika hospitaliziranih zbog bolesti COVID-19, akutni HF i oštećenje miokarda vrlo su česti, dok su miokarditis i dugotrajna oštećenja srca prilično rijetka pojava. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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