Repaglinide Administration Improves Brachial Reactivity in Type 2 Diabetic Patients.

OBJECTIVE -- Several studies have demonstrated that endothelial dysfunction plays a central role in diabetic mortality and that the prooxidative effect of postprandial hyperglycemia may actively contribute to atherogenesis. Thus, we investigated the possible effect of short-acting (repaglinide) and long-acting (glibenclamide) insulin secretagogues on endothelial function in type 2 diabetic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -- Sixteen type 2 diabetic patients undergoing diet treatment and with poor glucose control volunteered for the study. The study was designed as a 4-month, randomized, cross-over, parallel-group trial of repaglinide (1 mg twice a day) versus glibenclamide (5 mg twice a day). All patients underwent the following investigations: 1) anthropometrics determinations, 2) blood sampling for routine laboratory analyses and for assessment of oxidative stress indexes, and 3) a brachial reactivity test to evaluate the endothelial function through the study of arterial diameter and flow changes with and without intraarterial infusion of N[sub G]-monomethyl-L-arginine, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase and tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA), a Ca[sup 2+]-activated K[sup +] (K[sub Ca]) channel blocker. All patients were randomly assigned to receive repaglinide or glibenclamide for a period of 4 weeks. RESULTS -- Repaglinide administration was associated with a significant reduction in 2-h plasma glucose levels (P < 0.001) and in plasma thiobarbituric acid--reactive substances (TBARS) concentrations (P < 0.001) and with a significant increase in plasma antioxidant power, assessed as Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) (P < 0.001), effects not observed after glibenclamide administration. With regard to brachial reactivity parameters, repaglinide but not glibenclamide was associated with a significant improvement in brachial reactivity parameters (P < 0.003 for all parameters). In contrast, intra-arterial infusion of L-NMMA and TEA reduced the beneficial effect of repaglinide. CONCLUSIONS -- Repaglinide administration, through good control of postprandial glucose levels, improves brachial reactivity and declines oxidative stress indexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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