Long-Term Outcomes Using a Questionnaire After Inguinal Hernia Repair in Female.

Although gender should be considered a biological variable in all studies, there are few reports on long-term outcomes stratified by gender in inguinal hernia repair. The aim of this study was to compare the long-term outcomes of inguinal hernia repair between males and females. In this study, 1689 patients with primary unilateral inguinal hernia who underwent elective repair between January 2008 and December 2016 were included. Of these patients, 1517 patients were male, and 177 patients were female. The long-term outcomes assessed using a questionnaire were compared between males and females. In addition, risk factors for "pain often" answers on the questionnaire were assessed. Answered questionnaires were obtained from 1027 patients (73%) in the male group and 130 patients (75%) in the female group (P = 0.34). No significant differences were observed between the groups regarding satisfaction, numbness, and discomfort. However, there was a significant difference in pain between the groups (males: often, 2.8% and sometimes, 12%; females: often, 7.0% and sometimes, 13%; P = 0.034). On analysis by surgical procedure, although there was a significant difference in pain between the groups after anterior open mesh repair, after transabdominal preperitoneal repair, no significant difference in pain was observed between the groups. Multivariate analysis indicated that the female gender (OR: 2.41, 95% CI: 1.09–5.33, P = 0.03) was independently associated with "pain often" answers on the questionnaire. The female gender was an independent risk factor for pain. It is recommended that transabdominal preperitoneal repair should be performed in females. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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