近代中英茶叶贸易中的 质量控制制度研究 (1669—1833). (Chinese)

In the early and middle periods of the tea trade between China and Britain, the British East India Trading Company not only had to ensure that the quantity of tea trafficked could meet the needs of UK, Europe and the New World with a series of purchasing rules, but also needed to ensure the stable, standard and unified tea quality. To this end, the British East India Trading Company gradually formed a quality control system covering the whole process of the tea trade in trading and negotiating with tea shops. Specifically, a contract would be signed before the tea level was confirmed. After the tea arrived in Canton, a professional tea inspectors would check the tea sample so as to determine the final price. When the tea arrived in the UK, if waste tea was found, it would be shipped back to China, and the commercial houses or tea merchants would compensate for the loss. During the Shisan Commercial House trading period, these measures could ensure the quality and standard of the tea purchased by the British East India Trading Company. The quality control system provided practical experience for the establishment of cross-border trade order and promoted the formation of the quality evaluation system both in China and abroad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

中英双方开展茶叶贸易的中前期，英国东印度公司不仅要通过一系列收购制度，确保贩运茶叶在数量上可以 满足本国、欧洲及新大陆的消费需求，还要确保茶叶的品质和等级的稳定、标准和统一。为此，英国东印度公司在与行商 进行茶叶贸易时，在博弈和交涉过程中，逐渐探索建立了涵盖事前、事中、事后的质量控制制度。具体而言，在交易前签 订合约，确定收购茶叶等级；在茶叶运抵广州后，专职茶师（评审员）检验茶样，确定最终的收购价格；而在茶叶运抵英国 后，如果发现废茶，则运回中国，由行商或茶商赔偿损失。十三行贸易时期，这三项制度能够较好地确保英国东印度公司 收购茶叶的质量和标准。这些质量控制制度为跨国贸易秩序的建立提供了实践经验，促进了中西质量检验制度的形成。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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