Die kategorisering van onderskikkers: enkele kenmerke van 'dat'-samestellings. (Afrikaans)

This paper, entitled ‘On the categorisation of subordinating conjunctions: some characteristics of ‘dat’ compounds’, describes the syntactic and semantic characteristics of a group of subordinating conjunctions in Afrikaans, i.e. the compound conjunctions with ‘dat’ (‘that’). Most of these compounds contain a preposition as the leading element, e.g. ‘voordat’ (‘before’), ‘nadat’ (‘after’), ‘vandat’ (‘from’), ‘totdat’ (‘until’), ‘metdat’ (‘with’), ‘omdat’ (‘for’), ‘oordat’ (‘over’), ‘deurdat’ (‘through’), ‘indat’ (‘in’) and ‘opdat’ (‘on’). A few are formed with adverbs, i.e. ‘eerdat’ (‘ere’), ‘noudat’ (‘now’), ‘sodat’ (‘so’) and ‘hoedat’ (‘how’). In the framework of cognitive grammar, this work is corpus-based. The Internet provided 557 Afrikaans documents. A total of 9 177 uses of the conjunction ‘dat’ and 1 909 uses of the ‘dat’ compounds were found. Sixty-three examples from the corpus are cited. The subordinating conjunction ‘indat’ appears six times in the corpus, but has as yet not been included in the Afrikaans dictionaries, proving the class of subordinating conjuctions to be an open class where members may be added. The greatest similarity is that all compound subordinating conjunctions with ‘dat’ lead to the same sentential order. The ‘dat’ group is, however, heterogeneous with respect to the type of subordination. Hypotactic binding was observed in the case of all the ‘dat’ compounds, except ‘hoedat’, while incorporation as a participant in the main clause was only found with ‘hoedat’ and a few cases of ‘oordat’. A variety of meaning nuances can be expressed with these compounds. These range from a more or less literal meaning of the preposition or adverb through to causal relationships used for argumentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In hierdie artikel word sintaktiese en semantiese kenmerke van 'n groep onderskikkers, nl. samestellings met ‘-dat’ beskryf. Dit blyk dat die meeste van die samestellings 'n voorsetsel as vormelement bevat, hi. ‘voordat’, ‘nadat’, ‘vandat’, ‘totdat’, ‘metdat’, ‘omdat’, ‘oordat’, ‘deurdat’, ‘indat’ en ‘opdat’, terwyl sommige 'n bywoord bevat, el. ‘eerdat’, ‘noudat’, ‘sodat’ en ‘hoedat’. Die ondersoek is korpusgebaseerd in ooreenstemming met die aannames van die kognitiewe grammatika. Die korpus bestaan uit 557 Afrikaanse dokumente wat via die Internet verkry is. Altesaam 9 177 gevalle van ‘dat’ en 1 909 gevalle van ‘dat’-samestellings kom in die korpus voor. Drie-en-sestig voorbeelde uit die korpus word in die teks aangehaal. Die onderskikker ‘indat’ kom ses keer in die korpus voor, terwyl dit nog nie in woordeboeke opgeneem is nie. Dit bewys dat die onderskikkers 'n oop klas is waar nuwe lede bygevoeg kan word. Die grootste ooreenkoms in sintaktiese optrede is dat al die onderskikkers met ‘-dat’ dieselfde sinsvolgordepatrone tot gevolg bet. Die groep ‘dat’-samestellings is egter nie homogeen ten opsigte van die soort onderskikking nie. Daar kan twee subkategorieë op grond van die verskil tussen hipotaktiese verbinding en inlywing onderskei word. Hipotaktiese verbinding kom by al die ‘dat’-samestellings, behalwe ‘hoedat’ voor, terwyl inlywing as sinsdeel by ‘hoedat’ en enkele gebruike van ‘oordat’ waargeneem is. By inlywing speel die semantiese struktuur van die hoofwerkwoord 'n rol. 'n Verskeidenheid betekenisnuanses kan deur verbindende ‘dat’-samestellings uitgedruk word. Dit strek van min of meet letterlike betekenisse van die betrokke voorsetsels en bywoorde tot by kousale verhoudings wat in argumentasie gebruik word. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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