Sovietinis saugumas ir repatriacija iš Lietuvos į Lenkiją (1956-1959). (Lithuanian)

The article deals with the repatriation process from Lithuanian SSR to Polish People's Republic in 1956-1959. It presents factors that conditioned the decisions of Polish and Jewish families of the former Polish Republic to stay in Lithuania or to repatriate to Poland. The influence of Soviet security organs on the process of repatriation is pointed out, the intentions of security organs to prevent emigration from the USSR under the veil of repatriation and its attempts to use this process for the aims of Soviet security are shown. The main findings of this research are summarized below. The repatriation process was renewed after the agreement between the USSR and Polish People's Republic in 1956-1959. It also took into consideration families of Polish and Jewish nationality who were Lithuanian inhabitants and who had been citizens of Poland until 17 September 1939. Guided by the subjective-emotional, economic- social, political-public and ethnic motives, about 48500 Poles, mostly from the east and southeast of Lithuania, left to Poland during the repatriation process. Under the Communist party leadership instructions, the State Security Committee of Lithuanian SSR supervised the repatriation process during which the anti-Soviet and nationalistic members or supporters of the Polish underground movement jointly with Polish intelligentsia in Lithuania left to Poland. Repatriation partly contributed to the diminution of nationalistic tension in eastern and southeastern Lithuania. The State Security Committee of Lithuanian SSR controlled the repatriation process directly and prevented the use of repatriation as a possibility to leave Lithuania. However, some people managed to repatriate using fake documents or fictitious marriages. Nevertheless, Soviet Security organs didn't negatively influence the repatriation. Soviet Security organs used the repatriation process for its own purposes: several secret security agents were sent abroad under the cover of repatriation, or some persons who got the permission to repatriate to Poland were kept on a close watch. Repatriation negatively influenced the Polish community in Lithuania. Firstly, it worsened the situation in Polish cultural and educational (some teachers and educated people repatriated) and social (youth and children prevailed among the repatriates) spheres. Besides, the repatriation accelerated the sovietization and russification of the eastern and southeastern parts of Lithuania because instead of repatriated Poles, other people from Soviet republics, especially from Belorussia, were brought there. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Straipsnyje nagrinėjama 1956-1959 m. repatriacija iš Lietuvos į Lenkiją, atskleidžiami veiksniai, lėmė gyventojų apsisprendimą repatrijuoti į Lenkiją ar likti Lietuvoje, analizuojamas sovietinio saugumo poveikis repatriacijai, jo kontrolė ir pastangos ją panaudoti saviems tikslams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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