鄭盡心事件：康熙四十九年的海賊 緝拿與清朝君臣的折衝. (Chinese)

The present study investigates the arrest of a pirate, Zheng Jinxin, by the Qing dynasty court and analyzes how this case was elevated from an event of local coastal looting to a matter of national importance. Zheng Jinxin was looting along the Shandong coast in the 49th year of the Kangxi emperor’s reign (1710), and six months later he was captured in Fujian. Previous studies have treated this matter as an ordinary pirate case and mainly discuss the threat brought by Zheng Jinxin and the strategy adopted by the government in response but without delving further into the process of how this matter evolved. The present study consults such court archives as palace memorials and Veritable Records of the Qing to reconstruct the developments of this case, showing how the emperor, the Grand Secretariat, provincial officials, and local merchants all attempted to gain the political opportunity they wished from Zheng Jinxin, their individual opinions diverging and influencing the development of this case. From the above, it should be noted that those in the Zheng Jinxin case who were looting and capturing both belonged to the coastal trading network that had been increasing steadily since the beginning of the Qing dynasty, though they obviously belonged to different groups of commercial interests. And when there was a conflict of interest between them, one side chose to report to the authorities in order to draw support from government power, with the unintended consequence of having the bureaucracy of breaching this gap. The bureaucrats thereupon attempted to use the Zheng Jinxin case to defeat their own political adversaries. And the Kangxi emperor also took advantage of it to overhaul the local bureaucracy and restrict its abuse of power. The Zheng Jinxin case thus serves as a test case for historians to enter an overlapping fields of political and maritime history and helps scholars to further reflect on the relationship between the Qing government and maritime matters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

本文探討清朝海賊鄭盡心被捕始末, 並分析此案如何從沿海地方的劫掠案件上 升至全國性事件。鄭盡心於康熙四十九年在山東沿海一帶劫掠, 半年後在福建被抓 獲。過往研究將此案視為一般海賊案件, 主要討論鄭盡心帶來的治安威脅以及政府 的對應策略, 而未深入研究案件本身的發展過程。本文透過奏摺與《清實錄》等宮 廷檔案還原事件經過, 指出皇帝、內閣、省級官員與民間商人都試圖從鄭盡心身上 抓住各自期望的政治機會, 這些意見彼此折衝並影響案情發展。由此注意到, 鄭盡 心事件中的劫掠者與被劫掠者同屬於清初以來日漸興盛的沿海貿易網絡, 但分屬不 同的商業群體。當利益發生衝突時, 其中一方選擇告官以借助政府力量, 未想卻成 為官僚介入的突破口。官員們試圖透過鄭盡心事件擊敗他們的政治對手; 而康熙皇 帝則藉此整頓地方官員並限制其權力濫用。鄭盡心事件促使我們涉足政治史與海洋 史研究的交會地帶, 亦有助於進一步思考清朝政府與海洋之間的關係。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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